changes in the DNA of a prostate cell that turns off tumor suppressor genes and activate oncogenes. Essentially‚ cancer is an epigenetic programming problem. Epigenetics is the study of trait variations that are caused by factors that turn genes on and off and change how cells read genes. Immune evasion is when alterations in cancer cells‚ such as antigen expression‚ inhibit the recognition and evade an immune response. In tumorigenic cells‚ tumor suppressor genes tend to be hypermethylated. Hypermethylation
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Breast cancer is when cells in your breast multiply too quickly and create a tumor. Breast cancer is usually more common in women than men. Breast cancer is very common in women over the age of 60. Women over the age of 40 are recommended to get mammograms every year to detect cancer. A breast cancer cell is basically a type of cell in your breast that is reproducing too rapidly. The cause of breast cancer is still unknown‚ but scientists have discovered that breast cancer is more common in people
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and air pollution including second-hand smoke So the people that are affected need to be educated regarding the health issues around the use of tobacco. There are three main types of lung cancer known as non small cell‚ small cell‚ lung carcinoid tumor. Non Small Cell Lung Cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. There are about 85% of lung cancers that are non-small cell lung cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma‚ adenocarcinoma‚ and large cell carcinoma are all subtypes of non-small cell lung
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I bet you‚ the reader‚ knows what cancer is. It’s the big‚ scary and deadly disease. It’s the epidemic we can’t stop. It’s the big killer‚ the one you can’t survive. Right? Well‚ I don’t think so. Cancer is a fascinating topic! It can amaze people‚ from its mysterious ways‚ it’s wacky‚ yet common symptoms‚ and its surprising causes‚ to the exponential number of cancers that exist. Cancer‚ yet scary‚ is a fascinating and fun topic to study and to learn about. What exactly is cancer‚ you may ask? How
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other sites Routes of Metastasis Local Seeding – distribution of shed cancer cells occurs in the local area of the primary tumor. Blood-Bourne metastasis – tumor cells enter the blood‚ which is the most common cause of cancer spread. Lymphatic spread – primary sites rich in lymphatics are more suscepticble to early metastatic spread. Cancer Classification Solid Tumors – associated with the organs from which they develop‚ such as breast cancer or lung cancer Hematological Cancer – originate
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suggesting that it may be involved in chronic inflammatory processes (-). GDF15 is a stress-responsive member of the TGF-β superfamily and initially described as macrophage inhibitory cytokine (-). Although GDF15 has been described in many solid tumors for almost 10 years‚ the nature of its receptor is still unknown. There is some evidence of Smad signaling pathway activation‚ suggesting GDF15 may act through TGF-β receptor superfamily pathways (-). The TGFβ family belongs to a group of cytokines
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cancer and more than 40‚000 will die. * Although breast cancer in men is rare‚ an estimated 2‚150 men will be diagnosed with breast cancer and approximately 410 will die each year. Breast Cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into surrounding tissues of spread to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women but men can also get breast cancer as well. Cancer occurs as a result
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Acid Maltase Deficiency: It is an autosomal recessive disorder‚ in which the defect is in the gene for the acid maltase enzyme‚ which leads to accumulation of glycogen stored in muscles. Glycogen build up‚ weakens the muscles of a patient suffering from this disorder. This may affect respiratory muscles resulting in respiratory failure. It is also known as the Pompe Disease. Although‚ in childhood and adolescence the symptoms show slow progress and are less severe‚ infantile forms cause death within
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Ultraviolet rays most skin cancers are caused by too much exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. The two types of UV rays that cause melanoma are UV-A and UV-B rays. UV-A rays Are fairly constant throughout the year‚ and contribute to aging and wrinkling of the skin. UV-B Rays‚ stronger than UV-A rays‚ are more intense in the summer months and are the most common cause of sunburn. The longer you are out in the sun‚ the more UV radiation you receive. A blistering sunburn at an early age can
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Mammography is the study that involves identifying structures within the breast to classify them as benign or malignant. A mammogram is an image obtained by using x-rays to probe the breast. Mammography has been successful in improving detection of cancer‚ particularly non-palpable breast masses and calcifications that may be malignant. Institute of Medicine Report on Mammography (Committee on the Early Detection of Breast Cancer 2001) suggests that the reduction in mortality from breast cancer observed
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