STAKEHOLDER THEORY: A LIBERTARIAN DEFENSE R. Edward Freeman and Robert A. Phillips Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to suggest that at least one strain of what has come to be called "stakeholder theory" has roots that are deeply libertarian We begin by explicating both "stakeholder theory" and "libertarian arguments " We show how there are libertarian arguments for both instrumental and normative stakeholder theory‚ and we construct a version of capitalism‚ called "stakeholder capitalism
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USE OF COMPUTERS IN ACCOUNTING A computer is a set of electronic device that can systematically and sequentially follow a set of instructions called a program to perform high-speed arithmetic and logical operations on data. Because of the rapid changes in finances and its related fields‚ accurate record keeping is critical. Computerizing a business’ tasks of accounting procedures‚ increases efficiency. With a computer and its appropriate software‚ one can request and receive an in house balance
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Introduction The concept of international trade starts from over many years a go. According to the pre historical records it has been define as the most success. International trade allows us to expand our markets for both goods and services that otherwise may not have been available to us. The market contains greater competition and therefore more competitive prices‚ which brings a cheaper product home to the consumer. International Trade takes place because of the variations in productive factors
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disconnect from our regular life. You get to forget your problems/issues for a few weeks‚ it can also help you figure things out that you would not have understood without the distance traveling can give you. We all have crazy schedules‚ work and a family to take care of‚ going away alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are for you. Like the saying says: we never know what we have until we lose it. Another great benefit is the relaxation
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instruction (CAI) to schools. CAI was developed to help students acquire basic skills‚ practice them‚ and measure learning gains. With the development and increased availability of lower-cost personal computers‚ the use of technology in schools broadened in the early 1980s to encompass the use of general-purpose tools such as word processors and spreadsheets. Technology that allowed classes to be given by remote teachers via two-way audio and video‚ known as "distance learning‚" also first appeared in
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Stakeholders A stakeholder is a person‚ group or organization that has interest or concern in an organization. Stakeholders can affect or be affected by the organization’s actions‚ objectives and policies. There is two different types of stake holders‚ these are internal and external. Internal stakeholders are people who are on the inside of the business that already serve the organisation‚ these include staff‚ managers‚ board members etc. external stakeholders are from outside of the company but
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German Accounting Introduction We are on the precipice of a fundamental globalisation step. The important and continued globalisation of investment has led to the development of internationally applicable standards and codes of practice. The international demand for standardised regulatory systems and processes has many benefits; however countries have been largely unwilling to adopt the international standards and codes for various reasons. (Mansfield‚ 2004) This report will focus on Germany
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The importance of accounting standards A PricewaterhouseCoopers Case Study Introduction PricewaterhouseCoopers was created in July 1998 by the merger of two firms - Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand - each with historical roots going back some 150 years and originating in London. PricewaterhouseCoopers‚ the world’s largest professional services organization‚ helps its clients build value‚ manage risk and improve their performance. Drawing on the talents of more than 140‚000 people in 152
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www.ccsenet.org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 8‚ No. 10: August 2012 Managing Stakeholders: An Integrative Perspective on the Source of Competitive Advantage Minyu Wu’ ’ School of Business‚ Curtin Universify Sarawak‚ Sarawak‚ Malaysia Correspondence: Minyu Wu‚ School of Business‚ Curtin Universify Sarawak‚ CDT 250‚ 98009 Miri‚ Sarawak‚ Malaysia. Tel: 60-8-544-3844. E-mail: minyu.wu@curtin.edu.my Received: March 19‚ 2012 doi:10.5539/ass.v8nl0pl60 Abstract Despite the enormous amount of academic
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How ratio analysis benefits the stakeholders of a company Ratio analysis is a type of financial information that always prepared to satisfy in some way the needs of various interested parties (stakeholders). Below are some of the benefits that the stakeholders can get from the ratio analysis: Planning and Forecasting Management uses the ratio analysis to identify the future trends of its financial performance. With those information‚ its provide opportunity for the management team in planning
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