Telecom Developments Morse invention followed by the historical founding by graham bell in the 1876 when he was researching on speech and hearing led him to invent a device that named the telephone which was able to transfer voice over pair of wires by using analogy signals to other short distance location by using copper wire because
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zzz1. The Physical Layer of the OSI model is responsible for: a) establishing‚ maintaining and terminating connections across the intervening network b) reliable transfer of information across the physical link c) data units are delivered error free‚ in sequence‚ with no losses or duplications d) all of the above e) none of the above 2. An example of an application layer protocol is a) HTTP c) UDP e) None of the above b) HDLC d) TCP 3.Techniques for transmitting a digital signal over an
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DRAFT COPY Hkkjr ljdkj GOVERNMENT OF INDIA jsy ea=ky; MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS (dk;Zky;hu iz;ksx gsrq) (For official use only) Different types of Networks in Indian Railways (FOIS/RAILNET) A MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK dSeVsd@‚l@izkSt@10&11@‚pch&usVodZ CAMTECH/S/PROJ/10-11/HB-NETWORK EkkpZ 2011 March 2011 Maharajpur‚ Gwalior DRAFT COPY Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Appendix –A Appendix –B Introduction
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ISO/OSI Reference Model: Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is an effort to standardize networking that was started in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)‚ along with the ITU-T. The world has not always been so simple. Once upon a time‚ there were no networking protocols‚ including TCP/IP. Vendors created the first networking protocols; these protocols supported only that vendor’s computers‚ and the details were not even published to the public. As time went on
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wire or cable used to carry telephone signals‚ computer data in LANs‚ TV signals in cable TV systems‚ and signals from a transmitter to an antenna‚ or vice versa. Transmission Line • Definition: – Any means of conveying signal or power from one point to another What are the different types of transmission lines? • Parallel-wire lines What are the different types of transmission lines? • Coaxial cable What are the different types of transmission lines? • Twisted-pair cable What
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P2P can also be more expensive if the computers connected are far apart. 3. Describe three types of guided media. Three types of guided media are fiber-optic cable which uses high-speed streams of light pulses from lasers or LEDS‚ coaxial cable copper-core with a cylindrical shell for insulation‚ and twisted-pair wire insulated pairs of wires that can be packed closely together. 6. Clearly explain the differences among analog data‚ analog
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data between major network nodes are called a (n) a. Network backbone b. IAP c. TI line d. network access point 12. The type of cable used in telephone connections is called: a. twisted-pair cable b. TCP/IP cable c. fiber-optic cable d. coaxial cable 13. Which of the following methods is the switching method used by the Internet? a. circuit switching b. cable switching c. Transmission switching d. Packet switching 14. Which of the following is the term for the collection of rules that
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Computer Networks Does anyone really know what networking is? “In the world of computers‚ networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data” (Networking Fundamentals). Now this is a great explanation but does this really help us understand? Networking has grown over many years. Where did networking come from? Lets go back to the beginning and find out how far we have come. Network research can be traced back to around the 1960’s.
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Function of Computer Hardware Components Main Internal Components Processors: Shorter name for the CPU which stands for Central Processing Unit. The processor is a part of the Computer that will follow information that has been given in order to set up a program. Motherboard: A major piece of hardware and holds important components together such as the CPU and memory. BIOS: Basic input/output system has certain instructions in which this will help to start up a pc. Whenever you
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Networking In the world of computers‚ networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software. Networking software applications are available to manage and monitor networks of all sizes‚ from the smallest home networks to the largest enterprise networks. Networks classification 1. Local Area Networks (LANs): These connect over a relatively small geographical are
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