characteristics of LANs‚ in contrast to wide area networks (WANs)‚ include their smaller geographic area‚ and non-inclusion of leased telecommunication lines. ARCNET‚ Token Ring and other technology standards have been used in the past‚ but Ethernet over twisted pair cabling‚ and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies currently used to build LANs. The increasing demand and use of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s generated the need to provide high-speed interconnections between
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sorts of physical media to transfer the data‚ here are a few examples: Twisted Pair copper * Category 4 copper- A unshielded twisted pair copper that is uses four pairs for which is used in telecommunications along with some networks used for computers that provides 20 megahertz of bandwidth with a data transfer rate of 16 megabytes per second. * Category 5 copper – This type of cabling also uses four pairs and is used more extensively in terms of Ethernet connections‚ telephony‚ and
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concepts of signaling and modulation. Discuss additional DSL technologies (SDSL‚ HDSL‚ HDSL-2‚ G.SHDSL‚ IDSL‚ and VDSL). Digital Subscriber Line Introduction Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology is a modem technology that uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data‚ such as multimedia and video‚ to service subscribers. The term xDSL covers a number of similar yet competing forms of DSL technologies‚ including ADSL‚ SDSL‚ HDSL‚ HDSL-2‚ G.SHDL‚ IDSL‚ and VDSL
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depends on which direction the signal is emitted examples: air‚ free space Cable transmission media -guided transmission medium and can be any physical facility used to propagate EM signals between two locations e.g.: metallic cables (open wire‚ twisted pair)‚ optical cables (plastic‚ glass core) Incident and Reflected wave -Incident voltage is the voltage that propagates from sources towards the load -Reflected wave is the voltage that propagates from the load towards the source.
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CHAPTER TWO NETWORKING SYSTEMS AND LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LAN) A network is a system of two or more computers that are connected in some manner. Each computer on the network has access to the files and peripheral equipment (such as printers or modems) on all the other computers on the network. The origin of local area networks can be traced‚ in part‚ to IBM terminal equipment introduced in 1974. At that time‚ IBM introduced a series of terminal devices designed for use in transaction-processing
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copper cables and fiber that have been installed since the late over the last century plus are there to pick up these users. When first thinking of fixed line networks they think of the coaxial cable (coax) which connects to their television and twisted pair terminated with a RG-11 plug for their phones and faxes. There two variation of coax that are used in networking‚ thicknet (RG8) and thinnet (RG58). The RG6 cable is what most people are familiar with; this is what is used from the demarcation
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Satellites Radio transmissions do not bend round the surface of the earth‚ but RF technology combined with satellites can provide long-distance connections. Figure 5 illustrates a satellite link across an ocean. Twisted Pair Cable The most popular network cabling is Twisted pair. It is light weight‚ easy to install‚ inexpensive and support many different types of network. It also supports the speed of 100 mps. Fiber Optics Fiber optic cable uses electrical signals to transmit data. It uses
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to design a LAN with operation over a distance of about 100m. Compare and contrast twisted pair cable‚ coaxial cable‚ fiber-optics‚ and wireless for this application. You should create a table or flow chart which would facilitate choosing between these options depending on circumstances. The table or flow chart should be submitted as part of your document. You may not submit a separate file. Twisted Pair Cable Media Type Coaxial Cable Wireless Fiber Optics UTP STP Maximum
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distances than copper. It should be noted that relatively recently‚ a related copper specification‚ called Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI)‚ has emerged to provide 100-Mbps service over copper. CDDI is the implementation of FDDI protocols over twisted-pair copper wire. This chapter focuses mainly on FDDI specifications and operations‚ but it also provides a high-level overview of CDDI. FDDI uses dual-ring architecture with traffic on each ring flowing in opposite directions (called counter-rotating)
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FIBER TO THE HOME: THE NEW EMPOWERMENT abstract: In order to offer future higher bandwidth applications‚ the choice for a fiber to the home (FTTH) network seems to be the best candidate. Still‚ as the full deployment of a new FTTH network involves tremendous civil works and costs‚ only the highly profitable areas‚ e.g. city centers‚ are currently being installed. With the installation of such FTTH networks‚ all involved parties stay with many questions. What will the future bring on demands from
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