Andreas Petzold‚ the term “‘Romanesque’‚” meaning in the manner of the Romans‚ was first coined in the early 19th century. Today it is used to refer to the period of European art” (Antiquity 1). The church architecture is fundamental to this period; “the Romanesque and Gothic churches were built on the foundations of Carolingian architecture. Charlemagne’s early Romanesque architectural achievements were continued by the Holy Roman Emperors Otto I-III‚ in a style known as Ottonian Art‚ which morphed
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Tabitha Crosby Dr. Maineville Hum1020 10/07 /2012 Romanesque Architecture and Gothic Architecture Throughout history it’s simple to understand how so many were inspired to create masterpieces we see and love today. Many years ago beauty was shaped in almost every feature‚ sculpture‚ and building. One of the most memorable of these iconic creations can be seen in Romanesque and Gothic architecture; however even though they are both similar they also have many differences. These themes were
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Medieval Architecture World Geography 101 December 1‚ 2010 The Middle Ages‚ also known as the Medieval era‚ though scarred with a history of violence and war‚ has given the world some of the most marvelous and beautiful pieces of art‚ particularly in architecture. The Middle Ages is the name given to the time period from the late 5th century to the 15th century‚ particular to European history. The construction of these types of buildings was a constant for various cultures for a thousand
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Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031 Draft 7. COMMERCIAL AREAS IN CHANDIGARH 7.1 INTRODUCTION Commercial areas in Chandigarh were planned to provide adequate‚ organized retail and wholesale trading activity for the city residents. The city has however emerged as a important commercial hub. A concept of hierarchical distribution of commercial centers was introduced into the city plan as a departure from the organic developments of the traditional towns. To provide a continuum of commercial
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Architecture Have you ever driven by a building so unique that you wonder‚ how much work went into that‚ and who even thought of that? Architecture began in prehistoric times. Trees and branches were used for shelter to protect them from the elements(Architectural Careers). Huts in Neolithic times also count as architecture(Architectural Voices). The amazing works of temples dedicated to gods are the most significant start of architecture(Nuttgens‚ 9) because it put design and creativity into the
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American Art and Architecture Two opposite forces have coexisted in American art since the establishment of the first colonies. On the one hand‚ American artists have been aware of their European cultural heritage and of continuing innovation in Europe; on the other hand‚ they have had to adapt European forms to the exigencies of their native situation. This interaction between rival forces is hardly unique to American art--all art grows within a tradition--but what distinguishes the American
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Title – Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of representative vs direct democracy Democracy is a word known to most persons today‚ in the Western world atleast‚ and almost always has positive connotations associated with it. Indeed from far left to far right‚ democracy has been proclaimed and embraced by political parties‚ indeed for a party to profess democracy is seen as necessary to its claim of legitimacy. The word democracy derives from the Greek prefix ’Demos ’ which could be seen as ’people
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Liberal democracy is a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of liberalism‚ i.e. protecting the rights of the individual‚ which are generally enshrined in law. It is characterised by fair‚ free‚ and competitive elections between multiple distinct political parties‚ a separation of powers into different branches of government‚ the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society‚ and the equal protection of human rights‚ civil rights‚ civil liberties
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Academic Reading sample task – Identifying writer’s views/claims Discovered in the early 1800s and named ‘nicotianine’‚ the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine‚ however‚ is only a small component of cigarette smoke‚ which contains more than 4‚700 chemical compounds‚ including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times‚ scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical
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BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE The Byzantine Empire is generally associated with the foundation of Constantinople by Constantine the Great between 334-340‚ an event that signaled the continuation of the Roman Empire as an officially Christian entity. The Architecture developed from the fifth century A.D. in the Byzantine Empire‚ characterized especially by massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and much use of glass mosaics. With the rise of the Islamic empire in former Byzantine
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