The OSI Model NTC/360 Network & Telecommunications Concepts The OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI) is the accepted model that describes the how the communications for a computer network should be designed. OSI was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnect Initiative. Basically‚ OSI divides the functions of a protocol in to seven layers. This makes the reasoning easy to follow and the system much more reliable. The implementation of several OSI layers
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The Minsky Model of a General Financial Crisis A Synopsis of ‘Chapter 2 -- The Anatomy of a Typical Crisis’ in Manias‚ Panics and Crashes - A History of Financial Crises by Charles P. Kindleberger and Robert Z. Aliber‚ Sixth Edition‚ Palgrave Macmillan‚ Copyright 2011 Since the end of the Great Depression “…financial failure has been more extensive and pervasive” in the 30-year period 1980 to 2010 than at any other time leading up to the present day (p. 7). Four financial crises occurred
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philanthropic employers began to develop a paternalistic care and concern for their employees. From the 1890s Quaker employers‚ for example‚ Cadbury and Rowntree‚ began to emphasize welfare by appointing ’industrial welfare ’ workers and building model factory villages. It was estimated that by 1914 there were probably between 60 and 70 welfare workers in Britain (Farnham‚ 1990). In the USA‚ Henry Ford ’s autoplant‚ for example‚ established a ’Sociological Department ’ to administer personnel
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Leadership Models Leadership Models The dynamics of leadership-follower relationships has grown in the last two decades because of a growing discussion in leadership literature (Popper & Mayseless‚ 2002) as cited in Avolio. Many companies‚ which were small 20 years ago have emerged as leaders in the market‚ overtaking their once larger competitors. These firms internally have revamped the way they do business. They have focused on making changes to their managerial process‚ thereby creating
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magazines. Mariasol Flouty‚ a 44-year-old software developer from White Plains‚ held fast to her Sudoku book. “I had plane-crash nightmares‚” she confessed. “I woke up very tense.” No one was more terrified than Beth Brenner‚ a 45-year-old mother of two teenagers from Somers‚ N.Y. “I was hysterical last night‚” she said‚ “but my son said‚ ‘You’re going to be O.K.’ ” Ms. Brenner was crying quietly on the
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Fiedler’s Contingency Model: Fred E. Fiedler was one of the first leadership researchers to acknowledge that effective leadership is dependent on the characteristics of the leader and the situation. The contingency model helps to explain why a manager may be an effective leader in one situation and ineffective in another. The contingency model also shows which managers are likely to be most effective in what situations. It is said by Fiedler‚ that personal characteristics can influence leader effectiveness
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9-207-056 JANUARY 28‚ 2007 MALCOLM BAKER Multifactor Models There are two parts to this exercise. The first is to evaluate the performance of four mutual funds. And‚ the second is to estimate the cost of capital for two firms. Benchmarking Both parts of the exercise are about choosing an appropriate benchmark‚ either for evaluating past investment returns or assessing a new project. Ideally‚ a benchmark should reflect the opportunity cost‚ or the best alternative investment. If an investment manager’s
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Mental Model/Mindsets Paper+ OI/361 01/06/14 Mental Model/Mindsets Paper It can be pretty tricky working when two adults have different opinions and values pertaining to the working world. Trying to balance find a balance in median is always a sensitive area. The reason issues such as these arise can be logistical; every ones opinion is of value no one wants to be put out or devalue. When it comes to AAA transportation‚ Vernon in Bud are both educated and valued employees at this company
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platonic one or intimate involvement. As we see in the humanistic model‚ relationships fulfill are psychological needs that predominantly consist of basic necessities such as food‚ water‚ homeostasis etc‚ as we move further up the pyramid we notice that a sense of security falls in‚ further up there is a sense of belonging‚ in terms of friendship‚ family and even sexually intimacy. Esteem is another important level of the humanistic model as it discusses about the sense of achievement‚ self-esteem and
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The model comprises of three basic elements are as follows: Elements (1) Tourists: The tourist is the key player in this system. Tourism‚ in fact‚ is a human experience‚ enjoyed‚ anticipated and recalled by a lot as a historic and/or life time aspect. Therefore‚ defining the tourist and its classification turns out to be equally relevant. (2) Geographical Elements: Leiper describes three main geographical elements in his system’s model. These are: (i) Traveller-generating region (ii) Tourist destination
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