Assess the view that crime and deviance are the products of the labelling process (21 marks) The labelling theory is a micro interactionist approach‚ this is because it focuses on how individuals construct the social world through face-face interactions. It recognises the concept of the ‘procedural self’ where ones identity is continuously constructed and recognised in interaction with significant others‚ this results in the individual’s behaviour‚ including that related to crime and deviance
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The term‚ Sensitive periods are blocks of time in the child’s life when he is particularly absorbed with one characteristic of his environment to the exclusive of all others area of life. The activity provides the child is drawn to inherently aid to the child in her physical‚ mental and emotional development. During these sensitive periods‚ the child learns the skill or knowledge with the greatest ease and to the greatest perfection. We must recognize this as natural and powerful motivator for learning
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There are many reasons for educational underachievement and it has been said that ethnicity is one of these key factors. It has been found that Indian and Asian pupils are of higher educational achievement than White‚ African-Caribbean‚ and Black‚ Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils. One possible cause of ethnic differences in education could be at the fault of the education system. To investigate this Sewell conducted a study using semi-structured interviews and observations in an inner-city boys’
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Religion can be powerful under the right certain circumstances for social change. However it can be argued that religion can be a conservative force. Weber argues that religious beliefs contributed to major social change- specifically the emergence of modern capitalism in Northern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Modern capitalism differs from capitalism as it is based on systematic‚ efficient and a rational pursuit of profit and profit for its own sake rather than consumption. Weber calls
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Using material from Item A and elsewhere assess the contribution of functionalism to our understanding of the role of education (20 Marks) In this essay I am going to assess the role and purpose of education in society according to different sociologists. I will go through some sociological theories and evaluate their perspectives using material from Item A. I will then look at criticisms from different sociological theories‚ then I will draw up a conclusion to my analysis and evaluation. Functionalists
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DISCUSS A CULTURAL ITEM OR EVENT AND EXPLAIN HOW IT GIVES US AN UNDERSTANDING OF PEOPLES CONSUMING CULTURE Patterns of subordination‚ consumption‚ and representation are increasingly becoming more complex. Though it is often acknowledged that advantaged groups go on to benefit from the effects of power‚ they are not however‚ always been able to control power. To a certain extent‚ power is inclined to progressively push its way through the construction‚ distribution and use of meanings connected
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Using the material from item A and elsewhere asses the usefulness of subcultural theories in explaining subcultural crime and deviance in society. Durkheim argued that a certain amount of crime was ‘healthy’ for society and that it is deviant behaviour that provided a catalyst for social change. He said that crime and deviance are functional because the ritual of punishment is an expressive experience that serves to bind together members of a social group and establishment a sense of community;
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Using material from Item A and elsewhere‚ assess the strengths and limitations of using participant observation methods to investigate gang culture. Item A: Venkatesh was a student at the University of Chicago in 1989 when he became interested in the housing projects surrounding the university where 27‚000 people lived. He approached a group of Black youths hanging around a stairwell in one of the project buildings but instead of answering his carefully prepared questions he found himself held
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Using material from item 2B and elsewhere assess different sociological explanations of changes in the status of childhood. (24 marks) Childhood is socially constructed‚ the only reason that ’childhood’ exists is because society makes it that way. Over time childhood has changed as different norms and values over each century of life have been different and are still changing today. Also in different places of the world there are different cultures and ethics so therefore their view of childhood
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Using material from item A and elsewhere assess the usefulness of modernization theory as an explanation for differences in the levels of development of different societies. Modernization theory first arose after world war two‚ when western countries like the US‚ Britain and France all believed that capitalism was the only way to modernize countries in Eastern Europe. The different communist and capitalist governments didn’t agree on theories of modernization and so the cold war started. The first
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