Athenian democracy 14. Greek politics and India politics 15. Romans and engineering 16. Mauryan dynasty and Gupta dynasty: characteristics 17. Buddhism’s and Hinduism and their differences 18. Slavery in Roman Era 19. End of the Gupta empire 20. Cultural diffusion 21. Influence of Egypt and Hellenism on the first kingdoms in Africa below the Sahara 22. Features of late Roman Christianity 23. Umayyad attitude to other religions 24. How did Roman emperors
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Umayyad Mosque‚ Damascus‚ Syria Space and Symbolism By Shijo Jose (A/2371/2011) History of Architecture II Year Sem IV Great Mosque of Damascus‚ also called Umayyad Mosque‚ the earliest surviving stone mosque‚ built between ad 705 and 715 by the Umayyad Caliph al-Walīd I. The mosque stands on the site of a 1st-century Hellenic temple to Jupiter and of a later church ‘Basilica of Saint John the Baptist’. Some Syrio-Roman fragments remain in the structure‚ as does a shrine supposedly enclosing
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for booty‚ emboldened more organized assaults later. In Egypt‚ non-Orthodox Christians welcomed their status as dhimmi under the Muslims. North African Bedouins crossed into Spain in 711 CE‚ and established an Islamic kingdom. The policies of the Umayyads
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have been preserved in the Qur’an. The core of Islam remains the same today after 1396 years. Islam still translates to “submission” and Muslims still live by the Qur’an and follow the 5 Pillars of Islam. However‚ throughout the Pre-Islamic‚ Umayyad‚ and Abbasid eras‚ the political structure that governed the societies that followed Islam differed over the years with some minor continuity. The pre-Islamic era lasted from 400 B.C until the revelation of the Prophet Mohammad in 610 C.E. The lack
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Compare and contrast the Indian ocean (Swahili city-states)‚ trans-Saharan (Sudanic states)‚ and silk road trade routes. III. Kingdoms of the Grasslands A. Introduction 1. Three coasts – Atlantic‚ Indian‚ savanna on edge of Sahara 2. Edge of desert 1. Gold found 2. Camels improved trade a. Sahel – grassland belt – best place to live – centers of trade 3. African states emerge as trade intermediaries 4. Location makes them open to droughts and attack 5. 10th century
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• Caliph • Under the first four caliphs; Muslim armies conquered Palestine‚ Syria‚ Egypt‚ and most of Persia. • Jihad 9. New rulers cause a division in Islam • A member of a powerful Umayyad family claimed the caliphate • Rivalry between Umayyad and Shi’a • Shi’ite Muslims introduces Sunni 10. The Umayyads create an empire • East: India and borders of China • West: North Africa and Spain • North: Battle of Tours • Movement of the
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remained heavily relative on the money from Silk Road trade. 200 BCE silk roads came to use. Luxury goods were traded between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty. These roads were heavily used during the Golden age and the Pax Romana. The Silk roads were rived afterwards under the Islamic Umayyad and Abbasid Empire and the Tang and Song dynasties . A major source of cultural
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during 500 C.E. – 1450 C.E. Between 500 C.E. – 1450 C.E.‚ many major political‚ social‚ economic‚ and religious changes occurred in East Asia. One important change involved the dynasties of China. China was ruled by three different dynasties‚ the Sui‚ Tang‚ and Song‚ during separate times in this time period. Each dynasty displayed different major values that were focused upon. Another political change occurred when China became very powerful and saw itself as the Middle Kingdom. China issued tributary
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Islam- Assignment #4 1. Outline the main achievements of the Islamic world in the following fields: I. Philosophy A. The Islamic world was most responsible for the preservation and spreading of philosophical achievements of ancient civilizations 1. Key ancient Greek philosophical words were translated into Arabic and stored in a “house of wisdom in Baghdad” 2. Through the Spanish Muslim philosopher‚ Ibn Rushd‚ many of these works eventually became known in Europe
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Shia and the Sunnis. The Shia supported the appointment of Ali and his bloodline while the Sunnis wanted religiously experienced leader Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr was assassinated and his successors came to be known as the Umayyad dynasty. The capital was moved from Mecca to Damascus. This dynasty displayed favoritism towards Arab military rulers and limited the social mobility of non-Muslim Arabs. Established a head tax‚ jizya‚ on all
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