1 Learning Summary points and learning objectives By the end of this chapter you will be able to: q q q q q understand the components of classical conditioning; provide an example of how classical conditioning helps explain workplace behaviour; understand the basic components of operant conditioning; detail the schedules of reinforcement; provide some examples of how operant conditioning helps explain workplace behaviour; discuss the idea of a ‘technology of behaviour’; give examples of a ‘technology
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which will be discussed. There are few important concepts that I would explained before the main principles. Classical Conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus (NS) comes to bring about a response after it is paired with another unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that naturally brings about that unconditioned response (UCR). Example‚ initially a dog will salivate when he brings food‚ but it does not salivate to a tone. At this point‚ the food is an UCS which causes dog’s salivation
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brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response • o Observational Learning: is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others • o Social Learning: is learning that takes place at a wider scale than individual or group learning‚ up to a societal scale‚ through social interaction between peers. • • Classical conditioning involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. o Similar
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Ivan Pavlov in the early 1900s. This type of conditioning suggests that a stimulus requires the ability to induce a response that has been previously evoked by another stimulus. In the case of Pavlov’s studies‚ dogs were studied for the production of saliva when an auditory stimulus and food was presented together. The dogs started to relate the auditory stimulus with the food‚ therefore producing saliva when hearing that stimulus. Concepts of classical conditioning were further broken down into responses
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vulnerability B.An illusion of anonymity C.Unbiased information seeking D.Self-censorship Answer Key: D 2.0/ 2.0 Points In Pavlov’s studies of classical conditioning in dogs‚ the food dish was the _______________. A.Conditioned stimulus B.Unconditioned stimulus C.Conditioned response D.Unconditioned response Answer Key: A 2.0/ 2.0 Points What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement? A.There is no difference-the terms are synonymous B.Punishment involves the presentation
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Theories of attachment 1) “cupboard love” theories – psychodynamic/behaviourists 2) The ethological approach 3) Bowlbys evolutionary theory 4) Social learning theory Studying attachments and their loss can help us understand how early relationship experiences can affect later development What is attachment? An intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people that endure over time. Prolonged separation brings stress and sorrow 1‚ “cupboard love” theory – psychodynamic
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Introduction This study will compare and contrast the behavioral theory of classical conditioning and the cognitive theory of social cognitive. Both are theories that have been well investigated to produce an outcome of effective learning. This study will examine the conditions of learning from both theories and ague their differences as well as their similarities. Evidence will be present on both sides to support this thesis claims on conditions‚ similarities and differences. This study will focus
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pairing a previously neutral stimulus (such as the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (the taste of food). This unconditioned stimulus naturally and automatically triggers salivating as a response to the food‚ which is known as the unconditioned response. After associating the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus‚ the sound of the bell alone will start to evoke salivating as a response. The sound of the bell is now known as the conditioned stimulus and salivating in response
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He would ring the bell every time the dogs were fed‚ and eventually‚ the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone. Pavlov explained that the bell is a neutral stimulus (which cannot produce an effect alone‚ for example‚ salivating). The food is considered an unconditioned stimulus‚ which produces the unconditioned response of salivating. The dog eventually begins to associate the two. This is called classical conditioning. This experiment is one of many ways he contributed to the field
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unreasonable desire to avoid the feared stimulus. When the fear is beyond one’s control‚ and if the fear is interfering with daily life‚ then a diagnosis under one of the anxiety disorders can be made. This is caused by what are called‚ neutral‚ unconditioned‚ and conditioned stimuli‚ which trigger either conditioned or unconditioned responses. An example would be a person who was attacked by a dog (the unconditioned stimulus) would respond with an unconditioned response. When
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