What is learning? According to Hergenhahn and Olson (2005)‚ learning is defined as " a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potentiality that comes from experience and cannot be attributed to temporary body states such as those induced by illness‚ fatigue‚ or drugs" (p. 8). The study of learning is important because it gives us a greater comprehension of how behavior is learned. By understanding the learning process we can manipulate the environment to encourage normal behavior that
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Addiction affects millions of individuals on a daily basis. Although many believe that drug addiction occurs because of family history of abuse‚ genetics‚ or poverty‚ this is not the case. Addiction is a learned behavior ( Higgins‚ Heil‚ & Sigmon‚ as cited in Sturmey‚ 2007). The process of learning occurs through operant and respondent conditioning. Operant and respondent conditioning have dual roles in drug addiction. Operant conditioning relies on consequences and reinforcements after a behavior
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Anthony Taylor Dr. Price ENGWR 300 23 September 2010 Happiness Fresh From the Factory The product of interest within this advertisement is clearly an alcoholic beverage; more specifically‚ a concoction of bourbon manufactured by Maker’s Mark. Emphasized in a black backround‚ the bourbon exudes an aesthetically pleasing hue of amber housed within a carefully engineered glass bottle labeled by the Maker’s Mark Company. As an attempt to captivate the essence of this bottle of liquor‚ a quote
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she puts them on. When she does‚ he stops nagging her. Now‚ Sally finds that every time she wears heels‚ she becomes sexually excited‚ even if her boyfriend is not around. Identify the following: a: Neutral stimulus b. Unconditioned stimulus c. Conditioned stimulus d. Conditioned response e. (Positive) reinforcement . 2. Reflect on what we learned about the humanistic movement in psychology. How was it different from other psychological theories that came before it
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ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. People can develop phobias and addictions through classical and operant conditioning. “In classical conditioning‚ an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response‚ through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus. The result is a conditioned response‚ or learned reflex” (Kowalski & Westen‚ 2011‚ “Learning”‚ p.167). A behavior produces an environmental response in operant conditioning. An example
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response and consequence b. two or more stimuli; two or more responses c. two or more stimuli; a response and consequence d. two or more responses; two or more stimuli 3. In Pavlov’s experiments‚ the tone started as a neutral stimulus‚ and then became a(n) Conditioned stimulus. 4. Dogs have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. This process is an example of Discrimination.
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Compare and Contrast Key Perspectives in Psychology Psychology literally means the study of the mind‚ translated from Ancient Greek as psyche‚ meaning “mind” or “soul” and logia‚ meaning “study”. The most accurate description of psychology is that it is the science of mind and behaviour (Collin et al‚ 2011). Psychology evolved from philosophy and can be dated back to the time of Ancient Greek philosophers‚ such as Plato and Aristotle (325 BCE). Studying the nature of subjects such as the memory‚
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Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a potent stimulus obtains the ability to evoke an innate response that was originally elicited by a neutral stimulus. In classical conditioning‚ a UR is an event that occurs naturally in response to some stimuli. On the other hand‚ a UR is the stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without learning. A CS in classical conditioning is an originally neutral stimulus that‚ through learning‚ comes to be associated with some unlearned
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The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980) had a superior impact in cognitive development study. He suggested that everybody goes through a series of universal stages of cognitive development in a specific sequence‚ focusing his attention on the cognitive change occurring when children move from one stage to the next. According Piaget‚ the information quantity as well as the quality of knowledge‚ changes among those stages (Feldman‚ 2008). Piaget’s learning theory of cognitive development covers
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founded by J.B Watson in 1959‚ and is based around the idea that individuals act in a certain manner because they’ve learnt to behave that way due to a factor in their environment that stimulates a positive or a negative response from them. The stimulus
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