CHAPTER 12 Cost Sheet (or) Statement of Cost ELEMENTS OF COST Introduction Elements of cost are necessary to have a proper classification and analysis of total cost. Thus‚ elements of cost provide the management with necessary information for proper control and management decisions. For this purpose‚ the total cost is analysed by the elements or nature of cost‚ i.e.‚ material‚ labour and overheads. The various elements of costs may be illustrated as below: Elements of Cost ~ t Materials
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CHAPTER 3 BRIEF SUMMARY PRODUCT COSTING AND COST ACCUMULATION IN A BATCH PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT Learning Objectives 1. Discuss the role of product and service costing in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing firms. 2. Diagram and explain the flow of costs through the manufacturing accounts used in product costing. 3. Distinguish between job-order costing and process costing. 4. Compute a predetermined overhead rate‚ and explain its use in job-order costing for job-shop and batch-production
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Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………….. Page 2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………..…… Page 3 Analysis Part A – Conceptual Issues…………………………………………………… Page 4 Analysis Part B – The Practical Application to Sunflower Ltd……………………..….. Page 5 Reflective Learning………………………………………………………….................. Page 6 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………..…. Page 7 References ……………………………………………………………………………... Page 8 Appendix……………………………………………………………………………..… Page 9
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about the terms "total product"‚ "marginal product" and "average product". These three figures are the foundation upon which the analysis of short-run production for a firm is analyzed. Total product is the total quantity of output produced by a firm for a given quantity of inputs. The usual framework is to analyze total product when in a variable input (labor) changes‚ for a given amount of a fixed input (capital). Diagram 1 In diagram 1‚ as the curve shows‚ the more labor hours you used‚ the more
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Activity-Based Costing ABC Company produces two products: Product A and Product B. Recently appointed management decided to change from a unit-based‚ traditional costing system to an activity-based costing system. The following data have been gathered‚ to assess the effect of the change: Product type Quantity Prime Costs Machine Hours Material Moves Setups Product A 60‚000 €150‚000 3‚500 6‚800 800 Product B 15‚000 € 30‚000 2‚750 1‚200 450 Expenditures (€) €180‚000 €120‚000
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a current product costing system requires a lot of research and pre-planning. In order to determine the most effective product costing system management must decide which costs should be included in the product costs‚ at what level will direct costs be tracked‚ how indirect costs will be structured‚ and when to capture the indirect costs. Once all the costs have been identified and organized into fixed‚ variable‚ or overhead categories‚ management must then decide which product costing system would
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Dynamic Business Environment 1-1 Chapter 2 Basic Cost Management Concepts 2-1 Chapter 3 Product Costing and Cost Accumulation in a Batch Production Environment 3-1 Chapter 4 Process Costing and Hybrid Product-Costing Systems 4-1 Chapter 5 Activity-Based Costing and Management 5-1 Chapter 6 Activity Analysis‚ Cost Behavior‚ and Cost Estimation 6-1 Chapter 7 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 7-1 Chapter 8 Variable Costing and the Costs of Quality and Sustainability 8-1 Chapter 9 Financial
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sophisticated services. 2. Describe the existing cost system and calculate the cost of the 5 components in the case. What is wrong with the existing cost system? The existing cost system measures direct labour and overhead. Overhead is grouped into a single cost pool that includes overhead costs associated with each of the testing rooms as well as the engineering overhead costs relating to software and tooling development and the administrative costs of the division. ETO suppliers started to do
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sector where a manufacturing organization uses a single process to produce more than one product. This paradigm adds complexity in the simultaneous production of more than one product from a joint process. Their determination at the cost of such products‚ individually‚ hence posses a difficult task to the cost accountant especially because they are of such varied nature characterized by many varieties. Despite difficulty it is possibly essential to make a fair and equitable allocation of cost to each product
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Two general approaches are used for costing products for the purpose of valuing inventories and cost of goods sold. One approach is called absorption costing. Absorption costing is generally used for external financial reports. The other approach called variable costing is preferred by some companies for internal decision making and must be used when an income statement is prepared in the contribution format. Ordinarily absorption costing and variable costing produce different figures for net income
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