The key of the development of centralized kingdoms was that the kings extended their power in more effective ways. During the High Middle Age‚ the kings started to had more source of power than the Lords‚ and the Kings used governmental institutions‚ marriage and alliance to extend their power. Some examples of centralized kingdoms are England‚ France and Spain. England started to emerge as a Kingdom in 1066 when William of Normandy arrived to the coasts of England. King Henry II had success in strengthening
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Financial Dimensions in Green Management – Understanding Carbon Finance Sudha.S Introduction Environmental consciousness is taking its shape in various dimensions in today’s complex business world. The five mega issues which are impacting the behaviour of companies and in turn their strategies are the Climate Change‚ Polution/Health Consciousness‚ Globalization backlash‚ Energy Crunch and Erosion of Trust.[1] The finance sector is impacted because the world commands a hefty price for Carbon
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FUNDAMENTALS OF Corporate Finance Jonathan Berk Stanford University Peter DeMarzo Stanford University Jarrad Harford University of Washington ISBN 0-558-65200-X Fundamentals of Corporate Finance‚ by Jonathan Berk‚ Peter DeMarzo‚ and Jarrad Harford. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education‚ Inc. Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Sr. Development Editor: Rebecca Ferris Market Development Manager: Dona Kenly Assistant Editors: Sara Holliday‚ Kerri McQueen Managing
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What is Corporate Finance? It�s all corporate finance. My unbiased view of the world Every decision made in a business has financial implications‚ and any decision that involves the use of money is a corporate financial decision. Defined broadly‚ everything that a business does fits under the rubric of corporate finance. It is‚ in fact‚ unfortunate that we even call the subject corporate finance‚ because it suggests to many observers a focus on how large corporations
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Registration: AWG8958. Date: 26th January‚ 2014. Understanding Financial Management. Introduction All organisations‚ whether business or non-profit making‚ require funds to be able to operate. As such an element of accountability is always present in organisations. This implies that records must be kept of all transactions undertaken on behalf of the organisation. This means that all income and expenditure must be somehow recorded! Understand finance within the context of an organisation. Describe
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SME finance is the funding of small and medium sized enterprises‚ and represents a major function of the general business finance market – in which capital for different types of firms are supplied‚ acquired‚ and costed or priced. Capital is supplied through the business finance market in the form of bank loans and overdrafts; leasing and hire-purchase arrangements; equity/corporate bond issues; venture capital or private equity; and asset-based finance such as factoring and invoice discounting.
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Legal structure of the business Different businesses depending on their legal structure are able to obtain different sources of finance easier than others. For example a larger company may be able to obtain a loan easier than a smaller business. I will now go on and look at the different legal ownerships are and talk about their financing. Sole traders A sole trader is usually owned and controlled by one person. Small businesses such as sole traders are usually financed by the owner’s own personal
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INTRODUCTION Companies need to choose from among various sources of finance depending on the amount of capital required and the term for which it is needed. Finance sources can be divided into three categories‚ namely traditional sources‚ ownership capital and non-ownership capital. Traditional sources are the internally generated capital (retained earnings); ownership capital is the capital owned by shareholders of the company (ordinary shares) while non-ownership capital includes funds from lenders
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What is Finance? • Finance can be defined as the art and science of managing money. • Finance is concerned with the process‚ institutions‚ markets‚ and instruments involved in the transfer of money among individuals‚ businesses‚ and governments. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-1 Major Areas & Opportunities in Finance: Financial Services • Financial Services is the area of finance concerned with the design and delivery of advice and financial products to individuals
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Sources of finance Some sources of finance are short term and must be paid back within a year. Other sources of finance are long term and can be paid back over many years. Internal sources of finance are funds found inside the business. For example‚ profits can be kept back to finance expansion. Alternatively the business can sell assets that are no longer really needed to free up cash. External sources of finance are found outside the business. For example from creditors or banks. Internal
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