Corrosion of reinforced concrete Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Corrosion 3 2.1 Chloride attack 4 2.2 Carbonation 5 3. Minimising corrosion 6 3.1 Metallic coatings 6 3.2 Cathodic protection 7 3.3 Other solutions 8 4. Conclusion 8 References 10 List of Figures 2.1 Chloride attack on reinforced concrete…………………………………………....4 2.2 Carbonation attack of RC due to poor concrete cover…………………………….5 3.1 How impressed current cathodic protection stops corrosion ……………………
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Ian Wendt August 17‚ 2011 Roman Pozzolanic Concrete The Roman Empire has contributed a wide variety of knowledge‚ ideas and technology to the world. These include novel concepts regarding the legal system‚ Roman numerals‚ architecture and the Roman calendar. However‚ the development of concrete as a building material is not the first thing that comes to mind when considering the Roman contributions to civilization. While the use of concrete predates the Roman era‚ the Romans discovered important
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Engineering B45 Concrete Lab Report Introduction: Concrete is a mixture of sand and rock or similar inert material (aggregates) held together by a cementing material. Usually the cementing material is Portland cement‚ but sometimes binders such as asphalt or gypsum are used‚ in which case the concrete may be called asphaltic concrete or gypsum concrete. Properties of concrete are governed not only by the properties of its ingredients (cement‚ water‚ sand‚ and coarse aggregate) but also‚ to a great
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Advantages of mix design Mix design aims to achieve good quality concrete at site economically. I. Quality concrete means • Better strength • Better imperviousness and durability • Dense and homogeneous concrete II. Economy a) Economy in cement consumption It is possible to save up to 15% of cement for M20 grade of concrete with the help of concrete mix design. In fact higher the grade of concrete more are the savings. Lower cement content also results in lower heat of hydration and hence
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Aggregates is a major part of concrete‚ it is of urgent need that we look into the influence of aggregate on the fresh as well as hardened properties of concrete. Better grading of aggregate not only will show better results in the properties of the concrete but will also help in saving expensive materials such as cement‚ fly ash and admixture. In the comparative study of influence of the aggregate on high strength concrete‚ here is an attempt to study strength characteristics of cubes and cylinders
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Aggregates for Concrete Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand‚ gravel‚ or crushed stone that‚ along with water and cement‚ are an essential ingredient in concrete. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world. For a good concrete mix‚ aggregates need to be clean‚ hard‚ strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete. Aggregates‚ which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total volume
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SEMESTER 2 ( JUN 2013 ) CC203-CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AHLI KUMPULAN NAMA TAJUK CONCRETE MATERIALS AND MIXTURE NAMA PENSYARAH KELAS CONTENT PAGES INTRODUCTION 1 BASIC PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE 2-5 BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF CEMENT 6-9 STORAGE METHODS OF CEMENT 10-12 FINE AGGREGATES AND COARSE AGGREGATES 13-14 PROPERTIES OF WATER USED IN CONCRETE MIXTURE 15-19 BASIC CONCEPT OF CONCRETE MIX 20 FRESH CONCRETE 21-23 ROLE OF ADDITIVES IN CONCRETE MIXTURE 24-25 CONCLUSION
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Refractory Concrete Tutorial - Recipe and Instructions Mixing heat resistant mortar without using a concrete mixer Heat resistant refractory concrete There are two ways‚ two types of heat resistant concretes that can be prepared. Cheaper and more expensive - stronger and weaker. The first one is a high heat refractory concrete. This type will survive in real high heat and can be used in hot-face (What is hot face? Hot face is a wall facing the main heat from a source. Internal walls‚ floor and
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Date | 16 April 2013 | Page No. | 1 | Title: Standard Operating Procedures of Making a Concrete Block. | Department/ Unit: | This Standard Operating Procedures has been done by Department of Production and Manufacturing of Concrete Block | Purpose: | The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedures of making a concrete block is to provide instructions in order to manufacture a concrete block. | Who can perform this SOP: | Skilled worker technician. | Equipment/ Tools Needed:
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1. INTRODUCTION Concrete is a widely used building material‚ many concrete pavements such as bridge deck‚ highway pavements and airfield runways are constructed all over the world‚ due to its superior properties such as high strength‚ good stability‚ abrasion resistance and anti-slippage. However‚ concrete is a poor electrical conductor‚ especially under dry conditions. Concrete that is excellent in both mechanical and electrical conductivity properties may have important applications in the electrical
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