finds that teenage consumers‚ though affected by informational and transformational motivations‚ are less likely than adults to discriminate between attractiveness‚ trustworthiness‚ and expertise‚ forming their judgments instead on the basis of a unidimensional perception of celebrity credibility. A focus on spokespersons is hardly new; indeed‚ researchers have suggested that even ancient Greek philosophers studied the qualities of effective public speakers (Giffin 1967). However‚ the past two decades
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SENSATION AND PERCEPTION APSY 382 Aug 27th‚ 2012 Chapter 1 Psychophysics – how we measure perception (loose definition) Sensation = unidimensional = varies in one way (sounds get louder or softer) Perception = multidimensional = varies in many ways (there are a lot of kinds of books) Perception – knowing the present Memory – knowing the past Thinking – knowing the future Cognition = the influence of perception‚ memory‚ and thinking Aug 29th‚ 2012 Basic principles of perception 1. Stimulation
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examine perfectionism was the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and the instrument used for anxiety was the Statistics Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS). Both the MPS and the STARS were administered for the students prior to taking their midterm exam in the research methodology course. The MPS measured three different types of perfectionism: self-oriented‚ socially prescribed‚
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so as they are aware that political donations have significant power over influencing the final verdict. The data of donations include approximately 100 million political donations; an individual’s political donations are arranged on a unidimensional ideological scale by Bonica (2014) from extremely liberal to extremely conservative. Finding out which party or campaign was donated to may lead to the discovery of their
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compatibility as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as being consistent with existing values‚ needs and past experiences of potential adopters. Studies incorporating compatibility‚ defined it‚ like Rogers (1983) as multidimensional‚ yet operationalized it as a unidimensional construct (e.g. Moore and Benbasat‚ 1991; Taylor and Todd‚ 1995). Karahanna et al. (2006) attempt to overcome these methodological shortcomings by defining compatibility
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Reliability Improvement Reliability of a scale is improved by pruning of weak items. Deleting a weak item from a measurement scale may sometimes lead to jeopardizing scale’s theoretical construct. When this happens‚ the item needs to be redesigned and revaluated. Wording of items in a measurement scale plays an important role in determining its discriminating power. Weak items in the scale are identified by computing Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC) (Ferketich‚ 1991) and Item-Deleted Cronbach’s
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References: Bai‚ H.‚ Wang‚ L.‚ Pan‚ W.‚ Frey‚ M. (undated) Measuring Mathematics Anxiety: Psychometric Analysis of a Bidimensional Affective Scale. Journal of Instructional Psychology 36(3): 185 – 193 Carlson‚ N. R. (2010) Physiology of Behaviour. 10th edition. Pearson: Allyn & Bacon den Boer J. A.‚ Sitsen‚ J. M. (1994). Handbook of depression and anxiety. A biological approach. New York:
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articles (i.e.‚ Dansereau et al.‚ 1975; Graen & Cashman‚ 1975) identified seven different versions of the LMX scales developed by Graen and colleagues‚ two additional LMX measures (Liden & Maslyn‚ in press; Schriesheim et al.‚ 1992)‚ and several modified versions of these scales. The LMX7 scale (Qraen‚ Novak‚ & Sommerkamp‚ 1982) is by far the most frequently research before the specific LMX scales were developed (e.g.‚ Graen‚ Dansereau‚ Minami‚ & Cashman‚ 1973) studies that used the Multifactor Leadership
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CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM This is a study of the bureaucratic characteristics of Turkish elementary and secondary schools. Little is known about the organization and foundation of these schools. This study is a beginning in an effort to develop a body of literature in these schools. Max Weber’s (in Gerth & Mills‚ 1946) thinking and Hall’s (1961) operationalization of bureaucracy form the theoretical foundation for the study. Because the construct of alienation is the main construct that has been
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Introduction Competitive anxiety is usually follow the feeling of tension and stress combined with high arousal of the autonomic nervous system. The duration and intensity of the anxiety state change according to the stress stimuli the athlete face and period subjective threat created by stimuli. If the arousal is too high or too low it may lead a poor performance. Definition of Anxiety A negative of emotional state in a person combination with nervousness‚ worry and fear. W. Stewart in
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