resistance occurs when an antibiotic is no longer effective against a particular bacteria‚ making that organism resistant to the effects of the antibiotic. Bacteria become resistant due to selective pressure. Those organisms which resist the antibiotic‚ and do not die from it ’s effects have a greater chance of survival within the host‚ therefore allowing them to reproduce and spread it ’s resistance to other bacteria. while the ones susceptible to the antibiotics die. This can be caused by unnecessary
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Abstract Some bacteria are able to go through transformation making new combinations of genes. Transformation is a way of gene variability in bacteria. This experiment is based on the transformation mechanism of bacteria and gene regulation. The bacteria used for the experiment was Escherichia coli and the genes introduces for the transformation were: gfp and bla by a pGLO™ plasmid. After the insertion of the target genes and growing the bacteria on specialized LB media‚ it could be seen that the
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Lecture 14 Lecture Gene Complementation in Bacteria In order to perform tests for dominance or for complementation in bacteria we need a way to make the bacteria diploid for part of the chromosome. To do this we need to consider a different extrachromosomal element: Ori T The F plasmid (length 105 base pairs) Tra genes There are some special terms to describe the state of F in a cell: F– refers to a strain without any form of F‚ whereas F+ refers to a strain with an F plasmid. F‚
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we have learned in the lab to identify two unknown organisms. PROCEDURE I was given unknown #76. I performed the streak plating method with my unknown organisms. To perform this exercise I needed a TSA plate and labeled the bottom of it with my name‚ group number and organism. I also divided the bottom into three sections. After that‚ I sterilized my inoculating loop using the bunsen burner flame. After letting the loop cool‚ I reached into my unknown test tube with my loop and grabbed the organisms
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Question: Suppose a meteor impact blows some extremophile bacteria from the Earth into the depths of a gas giant planet called planet X ‚ where they evolve into an intelligent species which practises physics. Do you think their physical theories would be similar to ours‚ and if so in what ways would they be likely to be similar? Your answer will necessarily involve some speculation‚ but make sure it involves some careful argument as well. Theoretical physics is one of many braches of physics that
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Cells Now we need to discuss CELLS. You’ve probably heard of cells‚ and may even know of a few‚ such as blood cells‚ nerve cells‚ or skin cells. What are these things called cells? Cells are the smallest living things. You’ll be learning a lot about cells in this course. For now‚ however‚ I’ll introduce you to just a few basic things about them. Cells are extremely tiny organisms that carry out all of the functions of life inside a thin layer of “skin” called (unimaginatively) the CELL MEMBRANE
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Prokaryotes: Bacteria Most of us have been conditioned to think of bacteria as invisible‚ potentially harmful little creatures. Actually‚ relatively few species of bacteria cause disease in humans‚ animals‚ plants‚ or any other organisms. In fact‚ all organisms made up of eukaryotic cells probably evolved from bacteria-like organisms‚ which were some of the earliest forms of life. In this chapter‚ we will learn how bacterial groups are differentiated from each other and how important bacteria are in
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Audit & Investigation AQ002-3.5-2-AINV-T 15-Jun-12 WASEED AHMED LECTURER: MR. MEGAT ABDULLAH MEGAT MAHMUD Table of Contents Different roles of internal and external auditors. 4 Internal auditors: 4 External auditors: 4 Identify the benefits in forming an audit committee. 6 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of MPL’s control environment: 7 Control Environment: 7 a. Integrity and Ethical Values:
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primary alcohols used were; methanol and ethanol‚ and the secondary alcohol was; isopropyl. Of this the secondary alcohol‚ isopropyl was discovered to be the most effect alcohol to make DNA precipitate‚ as it produced the most amount of DNA. This investigation of extracting DNA is significant due to the study taken providing understanding and knowledge on DNA; this allows people to find out information of the cell structure‚
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COMBUSTION AND FIRE INVESTIGATION There are many different types of fires and it can be quite difficult to establish what may have started the fire in the first place. Fire investigation is an important process that attempts to establish the cause of the fire and whether a criminal act has taken place. The National Fire Statistics in the UK compiled by the Home Office states that 25% of fires are electrical in origin but this does not tell the whole story. The statistics are compiled from fire
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