Sales 2‚000 2‚000 Cost of Goods Sold (7‚350) (6‚050) 3 4 5 6 Gross Profit 3‚650 2‚950 Selling‚ General & Admin. (5‚000) - Depreciation - - 7 8 9 EBIT (1‚350) 2‚950 Income tax at 35% 473 (1‚033) 10 11 Unlevered Net Income (878) 1‚918 7-9. Elmdale Enterprises is deciding whether to expand its production facilities. Although long-term cash flows are difficult to estimate‚ management has projected the following cash flows for the first
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American Home Products Corporation1. CASE SUMMARYAHP Chief Executive"I just don ’t like to owe money"‚ said William F. Laporte‚ AHP chief executive‚ when asked about his company ’s almost debt-free balance sheet and growing cash reserves. Mr. Laporte had taken over as chief executive of American Home Products in 1964. Throughout 17 subsequent years of his tenure Mr. Laporte has not changed his opinion of debt financing and AHP ’s abstinence from debt continued‚ while the growth in its cash balance
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of default of 2.7% and the cost of bankruptcy is expected to be 35% of the firm value. a. Estimate the unlevered value of the firm from the current market value of the firm. b. Estimate the levered value of the firm using the adjusted present value approach at a debt ratio of 50%. At that ratio the firms bond ratings will be CCC and the probability of default will increase to 36.78% of unlevered firm. The cost of bankruptcy will remain the same. (2 + 3 =
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WACC before recapitalization Wrigley’s prerecapitalization WACC is 10.9%. The cost of equity assumes a risk-free rate of 5.65% for 20-year U.S. Treasuries (case Exhibit 7)‚ a risk premium is assumed 7% (or 5%)‚ and uses Wrigley’s current beta of 0.75 (case Exhibit 5). 4. WACC after recapitalization The increase in leverage will affect Wrigley’s WACC in at least three ways: 1. Cost of debt: Wrigley’s debt rating will change from AAA (consistent with no debt) to a BB/B rating reflecting
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the same risk class.” The return I is the same return J when we assume that the cash flow just differ by an factor and is given by: because the the return is given by and with the assumption The value of an unlevered firm is for This represents the value for an unlevered firm because it contains the discounted value of a perpetual. To distinguish
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reflected in its equity beta of 0.75 as of 2002. Wrigley has zero debt as of 2002 and therefore no financial risk. Issuing 3 billion debt will alter the capital structure and increase it WACC. The WACC before debt is 10.11% calculated from CAPM‚ given the unlevered beta equals 0.75‚ risk free rate equals 10 year Treasury yield which is 4.86%‚ and risk premium of 7%. After taking on the debt‚ the D/E ratio calculate from debt over total equity gives almost 70%‚ and the levered beta becomes 1.07. Using
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* PV(CF) = CF/(1+r)t AKA PV = FV/(1+r)t * NPV = PV(CFs) – Investment = -C0 +C1/(1+r)+C2/(1+r)2+C3/(1+r)3+… = ∑(Expected CFt)/(1+r)t – Investment * Perpetuity – pays a fixed amount C per period forever * P(C‚r) = C/r requires cash flow to begin NEXT period. If begin now‚ then PV = C + C/r * Annuity – fixed stream of cash flows that has a final period t * A(C‚r‚t) = C/r [1-1/(1+r)t] * Growing Perpetuity – G(C‚r‚g) = C/(r-g) C is initial cash flow‚ r is discount rate
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industry‚ Pharmaceutical industry has been chosen. This report will attempt to expose the following facts : Introducing Cost of Capital basics. Capital structure and Dividend policy overview of the pharmaceutical companies. The equity and assets beta of the pharmaceutical companies. Industry Cost of capital the pharmaceutical sector of
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future‚ the discount factor will be the cost of equity. Using CAPM model‚ and the Hamada Equation and the data of the other companies in the same industry‚ the discount factor can be derived. We need to use the pure play approach to determine the beta of the Collinsville plant. The
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of the proposed levels of debt shown in case Exhibit 3? Answer these questions by computing and evaluating the asset beta and the equity beta. Assume that the current RE = 18.33% and a market risk premium of 5%. The 10y Treasury bond yield in January 1981 was 12.57%. Here is the spread-over-Treasury and the debt beta for different credit ratings. Rating Spread Cost of Debt Beta(d) AAA AA A BBB BB B 0.75% 1.25% 1.50% 5.00% 7.00% 9.00% 13.32% 13.82% 14.07% 17.57% 19.57% 21.57% 0.15 0.25 0.25
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