Probability theory Probability: A numerical measure of the chance that an event will occur. Experiment: A process that generates well defined outcomes. Sample space: The set of all experimental outcomes. Sample point: An element of the sample space. A sample point represents an experimental outcome. Tree diagram: A graphical representation that helps in visualizing a multiple step experiment. Classical method: A method of assigning probabilities that is appropriate when all the experimental
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handle Dependent Events Life is full of random events! You need to get a "feel" for them to be a smart and successful person. Independent Events Events can be "Independent"‚ meaning each event is not affected by any other events. Example: Tossing a coin. Each toss of a coin is a perfect isolated thing. What it did in the past will not affect the current toss. The chance is simply 1-in-2‚ or 50%‚ just like ANY toss of the coin. So each toss is an Independent Event. Dependent Events But events can also
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Maycomb’s ‘Unusual’ Disease In the fictional town of Maycomb‚ Alabama‚ the residents seem to have all been infected by the same disease. Harper Lee‚ the author of the very famous novel‚ To Kill a Mockingbird‚ has used several ways of portraying this idea and is able to convince readers that her characters really do have some sort of ‘illness‚’ an illness which affects people’s thoughts on how others should be treated. The novel highlights several issues including racism‚ childhood‚ injustice and
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experiment. (b) Describe a possible relevant choice for the field F . (c) Define two events that are mutually exclusive. (d) Define two events that have a nonempty intersection. Problem 3 A photon counter connected to the output of a fiber detects the number of photons‚ {Ni ‚ i 1}‚ received for successive pulses generated by a laser connected to the input of the fiber. Specify which one of the following sequences of events‚ {Ek ‚ k 1} is increasing‚ decreasing or none. Very briefly explain why. (a) Ek
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activity is required to think of every possible cost would be happened in the process of delivering an event. Budgeting is to deal with the financial management applying the financial tools and techniques. It is significantly to make decision on each segment‚ such as staff‚ venue‚ to ensure the resource is efficiency to use. 2. Briefly define three of the following concepts in the context of event design/theming - balance‚ emphasis‚ design‚ harmony‚ rhythm and proportion. Proportion is a connection
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I. Probability Theory * A branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of random phenomena. The outcome of a random event cannot be determined before it occurs‚ but it may be any one of several possible outcomes. The actual outcome is considered to be determined by chance. * The word probability has several meanings in ordinary conversation. Two of these are particularly important for the development and applications of the mathematical theory of probability. One is the interpretation
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department‚ USC‚ Fall 2014 Instructor: Prof. Salman Avestimehr Homework 1 Solutions 1. (Axioms of Probability) Prove the union bound: n P [∪n Ak ] ≤ k=1 P [Aj ]. j=1 The union bound is useful because it does not require that the events Aj be independent or disjoint. Problem 1 Solution We prove this part by induction‚ for k = 2 we have P (A1 ∪ A2 ) = P (A1 ) + P (A2 ) − P (A1 ∩ A2 ) ≤ P (A1 ) + P (A2 ) (1) Now‚ assume that the statement is true for k = n n P (A1 ∪ A2
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APStatistics Statistics Assignment 12: Rules of Probability Directions: Complete the assignment on your own paper. Clearly label each answer. (34 points) 1. You roll a pair of standard dice. Create the sample space for a single roll of the dice and use the sample space to compute the following probabilities. (8 points) a. Create a sample space. {1‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4‚ 5‚ 6} b. P (getting a 1 on the first die or getting a 6 on the second die) 1/6+1/6= .333 c. P (getting a 3 on the second die given that
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probability is the probability that an event will occur given that another has already occurred. If A and B are two events‚ then the conditional probability A given B is written as P ( A | B ) and read as “the probability of A given that B has already occurred.” We are to calculate the probability of the intersection of the events F and G. P(F and G) = P(F) P(G |F) P(F) = 13/40 P(G |F) = 4/13 P(F and G) = P(F) P(G |F) = (13/40)(4/13) = .100 Union of Events P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and
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GOALS When you have completed this chapter‚ you will be able to ONEDefine probability. TWO Describe the classical‚ empirical‚ and subjective approaches to probability. THREEUnderstand the terms experiment‚ event‚ outcome‚ permutation‚ and combination. FOURDefine the terms conditional probability and joint probability. FIVE Calculate probabilities applying the rules of addition and multiplication. SIXUse a tree diagram to organize and compute probabilities. SEVEN Calculate a probability using Bayes
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