concentrated‚ when the product represents a significant fraction of the buyers’ costs‚ when the product is undifferentiated‚ when the buyers’ switching costs are low‚ when buyers are price sensitive because of low profits‚ or when buyers can integrate upstream E. Threat of suppliers’ growing bargaining power - suppliers tend to be powerful when they are concentrated‚ when there are few substitutes‚ when the supplied product is an important input‚ when the costs of switching suppliers are high‚ and
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Bullwhip Effect Through the numerous stages of a supply chain; key factors such as time and supply of order decisions‚ demand for the supply‚ lack of communication and disorganization can result in one of the most common problems in supply chain management. This common problem is known as the bullwhip effect; also sometimes the whiplash effect. In this blog post we will explain this concept and outline some of the contributing factors to this issue. [pic] The
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Action (the force of the water) and Abrasion (where the river rubs stones that are being transported against the bed of a river thereby breaking it down) dominate. The softer rock is eroded quicker than the harder rock and gradually washes away downstream. This creates a plunge pool where water is swilled around‚ potholing can occur here and any rocks and debris swept into the plunge pool by the river will be swirled around and rub against the bed and banks of the plunge pool (called corrasion)
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by Yang Gao‚ Jianjun Yu‚ Member‚ IEEE‚ OSA‚ Jiangnan Xiao‚ Zizheng Cao‚ Fan Li‚ and Lin Chen 7 15. 118 IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS‚ VOL. 22‚ NO. 2‚ JANUARY 15‚ 2010 40-Gb/s Time-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks Using Downstream OOK and Upstream OFDM Modulations by Chien-Hung Yeh‚ Chi-Wai Chow‚ and Chih-Hung Hsu 1Institute of Photonics Technology‚ Jinan University‚ Guangzhou‚ 510632‚ China‚ tlzh88@jnu.edu.cn (2Department of Electronic Engineering‚ Jinan University‚ Guangzhou‚ 510632
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data. True False 10. A forward integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes. True False 11. A backward integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes. True False 12. The customers’ customer is upstream in the supply chain. True False 13. Plan‚ source‚ make‚ deliver‚ and return are the five basic supply chain management components
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EXERCISE 1 1. Write the following as full (decimal) numbers in SI units: (a) 286.6 mm‚ (b)85 V (c) 760 mg‚ (d) 60.0 ps‚ (e) 22.5 fm‚ (f) 2.50 GV. 2. A typical adult human lung contains about 300 million tiny cavities called alveoli. Assume that the alveoli are spherical‚ and that the volume of a typical human lung is about 2 liters‚ estimate the average diameter of a single alveolus. 3. Two vectors have length and What are the maximum and minimum magnitudes of their vector sum? 4. is a vector
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White Salmon River Ecosystem Components Jennah Whitney SCI/256 June 10‚ 2013 Katy Mirowsky-Garcia White Salmon River – Ecosystems Components Introduction The existence of Condit Dam has been a blink of time in the history of the White Salmon watershed. Since time immemorial‚ the White Salmon River has originated from the southwestern slope of Mount Adams. The White Salmon River‚m?t ’úla wana‚ was named for the white salmon. White salmon spawned here‚ the salmon eggs grew and went
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sedimentation of waterways‚ erosion and lowers the quality of water in that of estuaries and ocean areas (NSW Government ‚ 2015). Additionally‚ impoundments trap sediment eroded from upstream regions‚ resulting in potential downstream erosion‚ thus‚ stream bed depressing‚ and reducing habitat variability downstream (NSW Government ‚ 2015). Consequently‚ this leads to the direct loss of native
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blockbuster drug development has slowed due to an increase in regulation from the government and the industry trade association‚ PhRMA. The number of new entrants is fairly low and some are exiting or consolidating through mergers and acquisitions. Downstream and upstream factors are crucial to the specialty pharmaceutical sector of this industry since supply and distribution are different than in traditional branded pharmaceuticals. Complementors such as antiemetics and substitutes such as marijuana and acupuncture
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process of conducting a study on downstream petroleum product pricing in India. The study examines the current pricing mechanism and taxation and subsidy regime on four key petroleum products (petroleum‚ diesel‚ domestic kerosene and domestic LPG). In the study‚ the implications of current arrangements in each of these markets for central and state government revenues and expenditures‚ for India‟s macro-economic positioning as well for upstream and downstream sector development are to be examined
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