Book Review on Urban Poverty B M Hasanul Banna International Islamic University Malaysia Urban poverty is the outcome of urban-bias development projects being predominantly financed by the external capital‚ either in the form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or Aid. The urban-bias industrialization strategy performed as a pull factor for the rural unemployed. This strategy contributed to the expanding of urban informal sectors where unskilled as well as highly unorganized day labours remain
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Immigrants suffered a lot during this period‚ plus they were living in a very filthy condition. After 1865‚ American urban communities developed at a phenomenal rate‚ and urban populaces swelled with specialists from provincial regions and abroad. To move expanding populaces around the city‚ urban communities spearheaded imaginative types of mass travel. High rises came to check urban horizons‚ and new electric lighting frameworks energized nightlife. Neighborhoods partitioned along class and ethnic
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Urban-Rural reunification: The integration of urban and rural administrative areas (at the Tehsil level) also has significant implications on the flow of funds between urban and rural areas. In particular‚ until 1999 a major source of revenue for the urban areas was octroi levied in urban areas for all goods regardless of whether they were eventually consumed in a rural area. This resulted in a disproportionate access of resources for urban areas. After devolution‚ however‚ there is no longer any
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Urban Transport in Indian Cities A peak of rush hour commuters at Churchgate‚ a terminus for one of Mumbai’s main suburban train lines contributing to the nearly 6.5 million people feeding in and out of the city daily. Urban travel in Indian cities predominantly happens through walking‚ cycling and public transport‚ including intermediate public transport (IPT). Despite high growth rates of motorised two wheelers and cars in the last two decades (15 per cent and 10 per cent per annum respectively)
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Urban Stress There are many factors that stress out plants and trees around our area. Because we are located in an urban setting‚ these plants and trees are more vulnerable to such stress. During our walk around campus‚ I noticed an enormous amount of stress done to the plants and trees. In this essay‚ I will explain my observations of urban stress around Temple University ’s campus and how each factor plays an important role and how it influences the survival of each plant and tree. Heat
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Shark Island Shark Island is a small island located in Sydney Harbour‚ Australia. It lies between the Harbour Bridge and the harbour entrance‚ offshore of the suburbs of Vaucluse‚ Point Piper and Rose Bay. The Island‚ at 1.25 hectares‚ is said to have resembled a shark and the shallow waters around it presented a constant danger to shipping. This is how it got its name. Physical Environment of Shark Island Weather & Climate The weather on Shark Island that day varied a lot. It was overcast
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INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON URBAN PLANNING: Much before towns and cities were formed people started using some mode of transport‚ during the early ages people started using horses as a mode of transport. When cities started to come up and industrialisation began bicycles were introduced to the world and the use of horses started to fall big time and was completely eradicated. This marked the beginning of the age of industrialisation‚ so all the lanes and the streets in the urban cities were designed to
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The interest in the dynamic behavior of highway bridges has increased in recent years‚ due to the introduction of high-speed vehicles. Under loads of high speed‚ the bridges subject to large dynamic effects. Therefore‚ the demands on highway bridge structures are increased. The dynamic aspects have often shown to be the governing factor in the structural design. Generally‚ for all highway bridges induced by vehicle speeds over 200 km/h‚ dynamic analysis is required. A correct understanding of Highway
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Comparison of Urban Sociological Theories In order for an urban sociologist to discover “How urban societies work‚” theories of “urban ecology” or “political economy” are used as a guide in their research. Urban ecology refers to the importance of social structure and social organization as shaping social life in the city. Urban ecologist concerns for social order‚ social cohesion‚ community ties and social differentiation offer key insight to how societies work (Kleniewski‚ 2001). Alternatively
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Urban consolidation is a rising issue in amny capital cities and could have a dramatic effect on the environmental sustainability of Australian cities in the near and distant future. “Urban consolidation policies concentrate on increasing housing densities in the large cities to produce more compact development‚ shorter travel distances and less dependence on automobiles.” (Forster 2004‚ p.171). Some of the main negative issues that is caused by urban consolidation are a drop in value of pre-existing
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