“Urban areas have a significant impact on climatic characteristics.” discuss this statement (40 marks) The weather is often very different in urban areas than the surrounding rural areas‚ variations can occur in temperature‚ humidity‚ precipitation‚ visibility and air quality. The urban canopy layer is the areas just below roof level where processes take place between buildings and the urban boundary layer is the dome over an urban area which extends downwind. Temperature is one characteristic
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Many urban centers have been known to be places where diverse styles of structural development are put in place through individual differences‚ desires and expression of wealth which over the time have brought about the use of series of finished construction materials. The constant increase in the rate of urban development‚ the use of materials and some of the construction style; have their contributing impact on the environment. These impacts of “growth in urban areas affects urban climate in several
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experience to walk in urban park‚ then few steps away‚ you just turn the corner‚ pass through lined tall buildings in a narrow street paved with asphalt and you clearly feel that the temperature is higher than in the park. Or maybe‚ you can recall one day in your life when the city was really hot‚ that you decided to spend some time in a shading park where you found some relief. Most of you didn’t know but you experienced what in climate science is called the urban heat island effect. In scientific
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their own climate and weather which is known as the ‘urban climate dome’ within which weather is different from the surrounding rural areas. This dome is split in two levels‚ the first being below roof level where there is an urban canopy where processes act in the space between buildings (also known as canyons). This is caused due to spatially integrated heat and moisture exchanges between the city and its overlying air. The second layer is the urban boundary layer where the dome extends downwind and
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Definition of environmental degradation Environmental degradation describes the erosion of the natural environment through the depletion of resources‚ the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of plant and animal species. It is caused by direct or indirect human activity‚ and has increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution. The United Nations has listed environmental degradation in its top ten list of high level threats faced by the planet to date. Environmental degradation is
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Passive and low energy cooling of buildings‚ John Wiley & Sons‚ Inc‚ USA‚ 1994 [4] Roger Ulrich‚ “Biophilia‚ Biophobia‚ and Natural Landscapes‚” 75 [5] Judith H. Heerwagen and Gordon H. Orians‚ “Humans Habitats and Aesthetics‚” The Biophilia Hypothesis‚ Island Press‚ Washington DC‚ 142– 146. [6] Grant Hildebrand‚ the Origins of Architectural Pleasure‚ 2003‚ 10. [7] Roger Ulrich‚ “Biophilia‚ Biophobia‚ and Natural Landscapes‚ 2002‚ 106–107. [8] Zaki Khalil‚ the large concept of marketing‚ Amman‚ Jordan‚
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Singapore’s greening journey kicked off in 1963 when Former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew set a vision to transform Singapore into a Garden City – a clean and green city that enhances the quality of urban environmentv. The ‘garden city’ was set to tackle increasing urbanization pressure faced by the self-contained island statevi after the city declaring independence. Noting Singapore’s high building density‚ the City Garden aimed to deter Singapore from becoming a concrete
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Bellamy Discuss the extent to which you agree with this statement (40 marks) Jan 11: Study Figure 2 which shows temperatures in Dublin at 2200 hours on a November evening. Describe and comment on the extent of the urban heat island shown. (7marks) Explain how urban structures and layout affect winds.(8 marks) With reference to examples‚ discuss how pollution reduction policies have attempted to lessen the incidence of particulate pollution and photochemical smog. (10marks) Discuss
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been properly adjusted for such things as urban heat island effects (are the city temps warmer than the suburbs where you live? Has the city grown since 1850? Have the runways increased near the temp gage at your airport since 1920?)‚ and instrument calibration. This is particularly true of the global data set‚ even though "urbanization has caused regional increases in temperature that exceed those measured on a global scale‚ leading to urban heat islands as much as 12°C hotter than their surroundings"
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BENEFITS OF FOREST RESOURCES A forest‚ also referred to as a wood or the woods‚ is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities‚ depending on various cultural definitions‚ what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have different classifications according to how and of what the forest is composed. A forest is usually an area filled with trees but any tall densely packed area of vegetation may be considered a forest‚ even underwater vegetation such as kelp forests‚ or
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