management in urban areas. Planning and management needs to happen in all countries over the world because no matter how different the level of development between countries the problems will be same in urban areas. These problems that need to be planned and managed in the urban areas of the city are becoming increasingly significant due to the fact that there has been a hug increase in the number of people living in cities worldwide‚ just over fifty percent of the world are now living in urban areas. The
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With reference to examples‚ discuss the degree to which the level od economic development in country affects planning and management in urban areas. The type of urban problems that require careful planning and management are largely decided by the economic wealth of a countryside. LEDC countries have problems with rapid urbanisation into the cities. However‚ on the other hand the problems that MEDC countries face include; suburbanisation‚ counter urbanisation. Urbanisation is the process in
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Int J Biometeorol (2010) 54:75–84 DOI 10.1007/s00484-009-0256-x ORIGINAL PAPER The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves and human health in Shanghai Jianguo Tan & Youfei Zheng & Xu Tang & Changyi Guo & Liping Li & Guixiang Song & Xinrong Zhen & Dong Yuan & Adam J. Kalkstein & Furong Li & Heng Chen Received: 17 December 2008 / Revised: 29 July 2009 / Accepted: 3 August 2009 / Published online: 1 September 2009 # ISB 2009 Abstract With global warming forecast to continue
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Regeneration refers to in the investment of capital in the revival of old and declining urban areas either by improving what is left behind or clearing away and rebuilding. Often it may be accompanied by reimaging to change the dominant perception of an urban area. Such regeneration efforts can be seen in the town of Syracuse in New York. Between 1970s to 1990s‚ it started to experience urban decline. Economic decline happened as a result of deindustrialisation. As Syracuse was previously the largest
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Urban problems are the same the world over and require the same solution to what extent do you agree with this view All Urban areas have problems‚ which can all be sorted into the categories economic‚ social‚ and environmental. These problems are faced by all urban areas all over the world‚ in both MEDC’s and LEDC’s. however the problems can seem larger in certain parts of the world such as LEDC’s as they are poorer and les able to deal with the problems‚ while in countries such as England we
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surfaces‚ how might temperatures differ between urban and rural areas? Which setting tends to be warmer on a given day and why? Also‚ are there any factors other than albedo that might affect the temperature differences between the two settings? On any given day the urban areas are hotter than that of the rural areas. Urban areas tend to be warmer than surrounding rural areas due to urban heat islands Albedo is a major factor in increase of the urban temperature. Albedo is “the fraction of the total
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Decentralisation is the process in which the population‚ retail and industry moves from urban CBD’s to the outer city. An out of town shopping centre is a group of shops and facilities that are located away from a town’s CBD. This movement will have positive and negative impacts on both the urban area and the outer city‚ where the out of town centres are built. The decentralisation of retailing and other services is happening because In order to sell goods‚ shops need to be located where people can
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regeneration of urban areas been given the variety of ways it has been undertaken (40 marks) Urban regeneration is defined as improving an area that has been experiencing a period of decline due to a variety of reasons‚ such as lack of employment‚ lack of investment in the CBD‚ suburbanisation etc. Ways that this can be resolved include property led regeneration‚ prestige project developments and partnership development schemes. These have all been carried out in the UK recently due to urban decline in
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“Urban areas have a significant impact on climatic characteristics.” discuss this statement (40 marks) The weather is often very different in urban areas than the surrounding rural areas‚ variations can occur in temperature‚ humidity‚ precipitation‚ visibility and air quality. The urban canopy layer is the areas just below roof level where processes take place between buildings and the urban boundary layer is the dome over an urban area which extends downwind. Temperature is one characteristic
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The term ‘urban heat island’ refers to the localized increase in temperature associated with an urban area. The UHI is an example of unintentional climate modification when urbanization changes the characteristics of the earth’s surface and atmosphere. It was observed that the UHI effect might result in minimum urban temperatures being 5-6° greater than the surrounding countryside. In the case of London‚ mean annual temperature was 11°C‚ while the surrounding countryside was 9.6°C and the suburbs
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