BIOLOGY Tingkatan 4 Kertas 2 Dua jam tiga puluh minit PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN Peraturan Pemarkahan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak @ 2011 Hak Cipta MPSM Pahang MARKING SCHEME PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN 2011 (TINGKATAN 4) BIOLOGY 4551/2 |No. |Marking criteria |Marks | |1(a)(i) |Able to label P and S.
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Amino Acids Glycine is the smallest of the amino acids. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. In aqueous solution at or near neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic
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Mary the Nursing Student Mary is 39 -year-old LPN and single mother who is attending a local community college to prepare for an A.S. degree in nursing so she can then become an RN. Mary has not been feeling well for several months. She has had bouts of nausea‚ a low fever‚ and has found that she no longer enjoys eating and smoking as much as she used to. She has also noticed that her urine is darker than usual and she has yellowing of her eyes. She has noted that she has a puffy appearance
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SRI BHAVANI TEXTILE PROCESSING: The plant performs the following operations of wet processing 1. Singeing(Fabric) -Gas Singeing 2. Desizing 3. Mercerisation(Fabric) 4. Scouring and Bleaching 5. Dyeing -Kier boiler -Jigger -Jet dyeing -Beam dyeing 6. Dyeing(yarn) -Cheese dyeing 7. Finishing -Stenter -Zero-Zero -Calendering 8. Printing -Flat bed printing 9. Dot coating DESIZING: Mts=1095 Volume=650 Indent type=non organic Temp=80 Weight=378 Time:
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Synthetic Organic Compounds Synthetic organic compounds are a relatively new discovery in the field of chemistry but have had a major impact on the world. These compounds differ from organic compounds as they are manmade. Synthetic organic compounds have been damaging people and the environment since they were created. Synthetic compounds such as chemical pesticides‚ herbicides and fertilizers have been beneficial to food production and
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surface during swimming (Hickman‚ 2006). Whale shark maintains internal salt concentrations lower than seawater by pumping salt out through rectal glands and kidneys. Sharks retain urea dissolved in their body fluids. They also produce Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) use to protect their proteins from denaturation by urea waste products. Retention of this organic solutes in their body fluids makes their osmolality slightly hypertonic to sea water (Hickman‚ 2008) Whale Sharks are ectothermic; this means
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A Basic Guide to Cosmetic & Toiletry Development John Woodruff john.woodruff@creative-developments.co.uk 1 A Basic Guide to Formulating Cosmetics & Toiletries What is a cosmetic? Understanding product briefs From concept to product formulation Sources of information EU cosmetic regulations The global marketplace Cost effective formulation Product stability & preservation Example formulation techniques john.woodruff@creative-developments.co.uk 2 A Basic Guide to Formulating
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Food is essential for life. It should be pure‚ nutritious and free from any type of adulteration for proper maintenance of human health. Despite of improvement in production‚ processing and packaging‚ more poisons seem to be entering our food chain. For example Indian spices or ’masalas’ add taste and flavour to food and also help in digestion. Some spices like turmeric have an antiseptic effect on the body. But what is most important is the quality of these ingredients. Every consumer wants to
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larvae and earthworms inhabit deep soil‚ which can reach 20 feet underground in undisturbed grasslands on the richest soils of the world. These invertebrates‚ along with symbiotic fungi‚ extend the root systems‚ break apart hard soil‚ enrich it with urea and other natural fertilizers‚ trap minerals and water and promote growth. Some types of fungi make the plants more resistant to insect and microbial attacks. Energy enters an ecosystem in the form of heat from the sun. This energy is absorbed
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FOOD adulteration is the process of adding chemical substances with foods‚ which should not be contained within food and beverages. Chemical substances or simply adulterants may be internationally added to substances to reduce manufacturing costs‚ or for some deceptive or malicious purpose. When profit in business is more important than morality‚ then it is possible to add the poisoning contents to the foods and beverages. A limited number of people die without foods but large population have been
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