Unit 20 – Causes and Spread of Infection 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites. Bacteria are microbes with a single cell. There is no nucleus or membrane within bacteria‚ making its structure simpler than that of other organisms. Instead‚ the genetic information is contained in a single loop of DNA. Viruses are microscopic organisms consisting of genetic material surrounded by proteins‚ lipids‚ or glycoprotein coats. Fungi can be multicellular or single celled
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The burn unit clinical team consisting of physicians‚ nurses‚ pharmacists‚ and infection preventionists at a tertiary hospital‚ part of a large healthcare system in the mid-Atlantic area‚ recognized an upward trend in CLABSI‚ despite the success in reducing CLABSI in other units in the hospital. While formal research was not conducted‚ efforts to reduce the infections throughout the hospital were associated with evidence based practice initiatives recommended and published by the CDC (2011)‚
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Individuals who are infected with STDs are at least two to five times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire HIV infection if they are exposed to the virus through sexual contact. In addition‚ if an HIV-infected individual is also infected with another STD‚ that person is more likely to transmit HIV through sexual contact than other HIV-infected persons (Wasserheit‚ 1992). There is substantial biological evidence demonstrating that the presence of other STDs increases the likelihood
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HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS - R. Howard‚ R. Lata‚ T. Tennekoon‚ R. Mirza & K.Yang Figure 1: Selected hospital acquired infections in Queensland‚ July-December 200814 • Introduction Hospital acquired infections‚ (HAI) also known as nosocomial infections refer to those infections that occur within 48 hours of hospital admission‚ 30 days of an operation‚ or 3 days of discharge10. Nosocomial infections can be quite traumatic and can have significant consequences to the patients16
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Clinical Features The incubation period for Clostridium tetani Infection is from three to twenty - one days. In most cases tetanus is found within 10 days of contact with the bacteria. The incubation period is depending on the severity of the infection. When the wound is deep or more infected with the C. tetani the incubation period will be shorter and the chances of death are high. When contacted with C. tetani some of the symptoms can include involuntary muscle tightening such as stiffness in
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Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs)‚ or healthcare associated infections‚ encompass almost all clinically evident infections that do not originate from a patients original admitting diagnosis. Most infections that become clinically evident after 48 hours of hospitalization are considered hospital-acquired. HAIs represent a frequent nonspecific clinical problem with potential consequences for morbidity and mortality. The highest rates of HAIs are observed in intensive care units (ICUs)‚ which are
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Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection in households Sharon Perry‚ Maria de la Luz Sanchez‚ Shufang Yang‚ Thomas D. Haggerty‚ Phillip Hurst‚ Guillermo Perez-Perez‚ and Julie Parsonnet Stanford University School of Medicine‚ Stanford‚ California‚ USA; Santa Clara County Health and Hospital Systems‚ San Jose‚ California‚ USA; and New York University of Medicine‚ New York‚ New York‚ USA Abstract The mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection is not yet defined. In Northern California
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spread of infection Level: 2 Credit Value: 2 GLH 20 Learning Outcomes The learner will; Assessment Criteria The learner can; 1. Understand the causes of infection 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites 1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites 1.3 Describe what is meant by “infection” and “colonisation” 1.4 Explain what is meant by “systemic infection” and
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1 Define and explain asepsis‚ antisepsis and cross infection Asepsis- An environment that is free of harmful microorganisms. An aseptic technique ensures that only uncontaminated equipment and fluids come into contact with susceptible body sites. It should be used during any clinical procedure that bypasses the body’s natural defences. Using the principles of asepsis minimises the spread of organisms from one person to another. Aseptic techniques are used to reduce contamination from microorganisms
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Necrotizing Fasciitis is a bacterial skin infection that is caused by one or more bacteria that enters one’s skin through a cut or wound. It can be fatal if not treated in time. Necrotizing Fasciitis is commonly known as the ‘flesh eating infection’ that occurs suddenly and spreads extremely fast. It corrodes the skin and the tissue beneath it. It can be caused by one or more bacteria‚ for example Streptococcus pyogenes‚ Kebsiella‚ Bacteroides and more. Approximately 700 hundred cases are recorded
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