EXPERIMENT 4: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to take methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil) and by heating it under reflux with NaOH as a solvent‚ and then cooling the mixture with H2SO4 as another solvent‚ synthesize salicylic acid. The final step involves purify the product to produce as pure a sample of salicylic acid as possible. This process allowed for the successful production of 1.406g salicylic acid‚ an 82.70% yield. The NMR and
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Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil I. Introduction and Purpose Until 1874 commercial salicylic acid was synthesized entirely from natural wintergreen oil. In this experiment the salicylic acid is reproduced using methyl salicylate‚ the major constituent of wintergreen oil and later compared to salicylic acid made from benzene. The purpose of this lab is to determine the difference between salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate and salicylic acid made from benzene comparing the melting
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butanol. The aim is to find out how much energy is produced when burning these alcohols. Alcohol ’s react with oxygen in the air to form water and carbon dioxide. The reaction that is involved in burning alcohols is exothermic because heat is given out. From this reason the reactant energy is higher than that of the product. The energy is given out when forming the bonds between the new water and carbon dioxide molecules. The amount of energy produced by such exothermic reactions can be calculated by
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of the ’Peak Oil’ theory‚ the world is expected to face severe oil shortages in the near future. Then‚ how can mankind meet its energy needs? Peak oil is the point in time when the maximum rate of global petroleum extraction is reached‚ after which the rate of production enters terminal decline. The concept is based on the observed production rates of individual oil wells‚ and the combined production rate of a field of related oil wells. The aggregate production rate from an oil field over time
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Better? Doubtlessly‚ different countries may have different educational systems but who knows which of them is better. I am an international student who came from Malaysia‚ a country which is located in Southeast Asia then came to the United States‚ a country which is far apart from my home country‚ to pursue a higher education. Many of my friends often ask me whether Malaysia or the United States is better but I could not answer them with certainty because I think each country is inimitable. Although
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PROs AND CONs OF INCREASING OIL PRICE 1. INTRODUCTION In this decade‚ the price of oil has been raised 3 times. The era of President SBY has the record of increasing oil price (premium). The policy was made by SBY has become pro and con between the expert of economic. Some people said that increasing the oil price is just can’t be done because it’s contra with UU‚ but government said that if we don’t raise the oil price it will absorb the APBN because the import oil price is higher and higher
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No Oil Drilling In Protected Areas Oil‚ or petroleum‚ is a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons and rock minerals found below the earth ’s surface. When the oil is extracted from the ground it is then refined into various gases or fuels and as a raw material‚ it can be used to make plastic‚ pesticides and many more uses. Oil drilling is a process of perforating the earth’s surface and rock layers to extract fossil fuels or oil for energy productions. Oil is found all over the world and it
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Management: 2 Classical Approaches: 3 Scientific Management: 3 Human Relations: 3 Maslow Pyramid of Needs: 3 Bureaucracy: 3 Administrative Management: 4 Fayol’s Business Activities: 4 Contemporary Approaches 5 Quantitative Management: 5 Organisational Behaviour: 5 Systems Theory: 5 Contingency Theory: 6 Total Quality Management: 6 Organisational Culture: 7 B. 8 A. Management: “Management” (from Old French ménagement “the art of conducting‚ directing”‚ from Latin manu agere “to
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generation could be. With the invention of the ingenious Bio printer‚ this could be done! It is certainly creating a buzz in science and medical institutions globally. 3D printing is fast becoming a massive part of manufacturing and fabrication all over the world. Scientists and technological experts are able to make a three dimensional solid object from a digital on screen model. This is achieved using an additive process where different materials i.e. liquid‚ powder or sheet material are added
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Critical Approaches to Literature Formalist‚ Biographical‚ Historical‚ Psychological‚ Gender‚ Sociological‚ ReaderReader-Response‚ Deconstructionist Approaching Literature Critically This is something that you do ALL of the time!! You may not know it‚ but you do it. Literary critics do it more formally than you‚ borrowing concepts from philosophy‚ history‚ linguistics‚ psychology‚ and anthropology. Most literary critics assume that you have read a piece of literature‚ assume that you know the
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