Theories of addiction‚ many have been proposed and a variety of preclinical models have been constructed. several theories were utilized in this study to better understand the basis of addiction. The first theory‚ negative reinforcement‚ suggests that the continued use of the psychoactive substance is to avoid withdrawal dysphoria. The next theory subject to research during this study was positive reinforcement. The positive reinforcement theory of addiction suggests the subject continues
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Instant Gratification Mentalities in Popular Culture and Their Roots in Evolutionary and Cognitive Psychology Man and culture have an interesting history. Before the existence of religion‚ hunter-gatherers optimized their behavior for survival‚ and traits in favor of living in the moment were evolutionarily successful. If our early human counterpart found food‚ he needed to eat as much as he possibly could because he did not know when he would find his next meal. With the advent of religion‚ man
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If business is a game‚ it’s not about winning or losing but about how you play the game. The book entitled Theory of Games and Economic Behavior has been heralded as one of the greatest scientific achievements of the century. In fact‚ the authors won the Nobel Prize for it. The book provided a systematic way to understand players with interdependent fortunes. The basic idea is that every action does not have an equal but opposite reaction when it comes to business‚ and that all moves need to
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hereafter). Rationale The uses and gratifications theory of communication maintains that people communicate to “satisfy personal goals” (Katz et al.‚ 1974). This approach‚ in relation to mass media research‚ argues that individuals are aware of their needs‚ evaluate various communication channels and content‚ and select the channel that they believe will provide the gratification that they are seeking (Perse and 3 Courtright‚ 1993). Uses and gratifications theory is relevant to this research
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of your family or your friends use consequential‚ nonconsequential‚ and virtue theory? The consequential theory is when a person is concerned what the consequences would be after they do something or make a choice that was not right. Consequential theory is the nature of a secondary result‚ meaning that it can have significant consequences. “The two major consequentialist ethical theories are ethical egoism and utilitarianism” (Otto‚ 2014‚ p. 30). These two theories state that people should act in
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Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender‚ a message‚ and an intended recipient‚ although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood
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magic in this novel. I tried to find some relative researches‚ but unfortunately have got no results. Then I read the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and found it can be used to explain my puzzle and can also provide a new idea to help readers understanding the novel and its values better. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence first developed by Jean Piaget. To Piaget‚ cognitive development was a progressive
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Communication Theories and Application Worksheet Fill out the different cells with regard to each theory definition. You are to identify the theory the example represents‚ who developed the theory (theorist)‚ explain the relevance of the theory‚ and then provide your own personal or professional application example of the theory. Theory Definition Identify the Theory Theorist(s) Relevance of Theory Application Example from your Personal or Professional Life Theory explains why as relationships
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Review of ‘Media Gratification Research’ From 1974-1985‚ there were some rapid changes in the field of media gratification research but the base were neither new nor revolutionary. It had made some abrupt change with the help of technologies. When the uses of mass communication in 1974 suggested that “Ask not what media do to the people but also what people do with the media”. Than‚ the role of people in the society as one of the significant stakeholder of the society. In term of “Shift of Paradigm”
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University of Phoenix | Psychoanalytic Theories | Psy 250 | LaTanya Henry-Smith | Cylvania Allen-Pringle | 4/9/2013 | | In order to fully understand personality‚ one can observe the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud‚ Carl Jung‚ and Alfred Adler. To comprehend the theories of all three psychologists and how they came about‚ one must learn how they were studied. According to the Webster’s online dictionary‚ theories are concepts that are not yet verified‚ but if true‚ would
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