of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron configuration for the pi-bonding for the ground state of C8H8.
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is reacted with acetic anhydride to produce paracetamol. The reactions are summarized as shown below: Process using Paranitrochlorobenzene as a starting raw material Paranitrochlorobenzene is converted to paranitrophenol by means of caustic fusion with caustic soda in an autoclave; paranitrophenol thus obtained is further reduced to paraminophenol by using iron powder. Para-aminophenol crystallises out from the mother liquid which is subsequently centrifuged. Para-aminophenyl crystal
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vitamins while the algae photosynthesizes. This unusual relationship enables the lichen to grow in environments where neither fungus nor algae would normally be able to solely survive. They are found on every continent‚ ranging all the way from the freezing Arctic to the sweltering grasslands of Africa. Even though they can live in such extreme conditions‚ they do require clean air. This is why they are excellent environmental indicator. An indicator species is an organism whose presence or absence
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+ H2O + CO2(g) In this experiment‚ the mineral acid is added in excess to the calcium carbonate and the excess titrated against standard sodium hydroxide. This kind of titration is termed back titration. In this procedure‚ the analyte is consumed using excess titrant and the end
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truss becomes internally statically indeterminate. In this case the truss is termed statically overdeterminate. The SE 110.22 experimental set-up permits investigation and comparison of statically determinate and statically indeterminate trusses. Using the bars and node discs‚ a statically determinate‚ single plane truss is first constructed. On installation of a surplus bar the truss becomes overdeterminate. By way of a load application device‚ straight or inclined forces are applied to the truss
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Abstract This lab’s purpose was to test the patterns of percolation in various places. This lab tested how soil would absorb water based on different places. Distance from a group of trees‚ distance from a swamp‚ and different types of soil were tested. From the results collected‚ you can not prove‚ but you can infer that the ability to absorb increases as you go farther away from a swamp‚ and a group of trees. The ability to absorb also increases based on how much silt is in soil. Introduction
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unknowns is important in chemistry because it allows chemists to identify what chemicals they are working with if they have been improperly labeled or if they are trying to determine substances in a compound. Molecular weight and pKa are two properties that help to identify unknown compounds. To find the pKa of an unknown‚ pH meters are used during titrations to measure the potential difference in a solution by measure the difference of hydrogen-ion activity in a solution and reporting the pH. The pH
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Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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concentrations of solutes in and out of the cell. Filtration is what is used to remove solid particles and they can be removed by passing through a liquid and gas. The information above is very important because it is exactly what everything in this lab will be about. It explains in detail what every single little definition and important
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Figure 1 below. ! Figure 1 - Set Up of Michelson Interferometer! ! When two light sources have the same wavelength and frequency‚ they are said to be coherent with one another. If they were to be combined at a certain point‚ they are said to be superimposed at that point. When superimposed‚ the two (or more) light waves’ properties can interact and interfere with one another which can lead to two scenarios; the superimposed light waves can reinforce each other to produce a brighter image
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