Phobias and Addictions Paper Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. People can develop phobias and addictions through classical and operant conditioning. “In classical conditioning‚ an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response‚ through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus. The result is a conditioned response‚ or learned reflex” (Kowalski & Westen‚ 2011‚ “Learning”
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learn to behave. If reprimanding the boy does not work‚ something else must be done. If I was a school psychologist faced with this problem‚ I would use principals of operant conditioning as well as observational learning to help improve the behavior of the child. Operant conditioning is a type of learning that is used to increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior by associating a consequence with the behavior. Consequences of a behavior can help change and shape the type of behavior. In
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http://genetics.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/behavior/learning/behaviorism.html Operant Conditioning and Behaviorism - an historical outline Around the turn of the century‚ Edward Thorndike attempted to develop an objective experimental method for the mechanical problem solving ability of cats and dogs. Thorndike devised a number of wooden crates which required various combinations of latches‚ levers‚ strings and treadles to open them. A dog or a cat would be put in one of these ’puzzle-boxes’
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The historical antecedents of operant conditioning was first coined by Burrhus Frederic Skinner who believed the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of human and nonhuman action and its consequences‚ which are external causes of behavior only. However‚ Skinner experiments and his concepts of operant conditioning stem from that of Edward Thorndike’s "law of effect" and operant conditioning added a new term to "law of effect" called reinforcements. There are several types of reinforcement’s
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Operant Conditioning Paper Christina Ewing PSY/390 January 21‚ 2012 Esther Siler Colbert Operant Conditioning Paper The theory of operant conditioning was thought of by B.F. Skinner. Skinner came up with this theory based on the work of Thorndike (1905). The theory of operant conditioning states that organisms learn to act or behave in a way which obtains or gets a reward yet avoids a punishment. It is an instrumental type of conditioning. Type R conditioning is also
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Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning‚ It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. While working with
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Phobias and Addictions through Classical and Operant Conditioning PSY-300 January 28‚ 2013 Lillian Fillpot‚ M.A.‚ Ed.S.‚ CRC Phobias and Addictions through Classical and Operant Conditioning This paper will explore how phobias and addictions are formed through both classical and operant conditioning and show just as addictions and phobias can be formed‚ they can also become extinct. Classical conditioning is the use of a conditional stimulus such as a person‚ place or object
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problems with one’s behavior‚ and a dysfunctional emotional response” (ASAM‚ 2013‚ p. 1). Classical and operant conditioning are in relation to common phobias and present addictions Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are learning styles associated with human behavior. According to Kowalski and Westen‚ (2011) “Classical conditioning is a procedure by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after it is paired
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Operant Conditioning Also called instrumental learning‚ operant conditioning is a kind of learning in which a person or animal modifies behavior as a result of behavioral consequences. Unlike classical conditioning (which is largely passive)‚ during operant conditioning what one does (one ’s "operation") affects outcomes. For example‚ one might earn praise through hard work‚ a child
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To better understand the idea of operant conditioning and how it works‚ I have designed a procedure to conduct in order to change the behavior and action of the two dogs that I own. Currently‚ I have two chihuahuas living in my household. Sugar‚ the eldest‚ is eight years old. Her personality is not similar to many dogs as she is introverted and does not bother to associate with humans very often. The youngest‚ Monkey‚ is only six years old and is polar opposite to her elder sister. She is completely
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