Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine both the utilitarian and deontological considerations behind Patricia Dunn’s decision to have private investigators check the telephone records of the board members of Hewlett-Packard‚ and the method they used to acquire the information. In addition‚ these same ethical considerations will be applied to the private investigators who acquired the telephone records‚ the website that published the information‚ and the person who leaked information. The
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extend non-human rights to animals the same equality as a human is given the same consideration. Even‚ though the weakness of the utilitarian on animal and human rights is callous‚ the strength and the weakness of that theory is relation to the issue. The strength of the Utilitarian Peter Singer regarding animal rights‚ and utilitarianism are equalized. Although‚
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doing good which is better than someone who is happy and content but doing bad. Mill is considered a rule utilitarian. There are many strengths of rule utilitarianism over act utilitarianism. Instead of having to carry out utilitarian calculations for every act‚ we simply obey the appropriate rule utilitarian rule. Unlike following act utilitarianism’s rules of thumb‚ obeying a rule utilitarian rule can never lead us to act wrongly because rule utilitarianism defines right acts as those that obey
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thought it incredible that women or blacks should be treated as equal to white men‚ so now speciesists mock the idea that all animals should be given equal consideration. What equalizes all sentient beings is our ability to suffer. In that‚ we and animals are equal and deserving equal consideration of interests. Singer’s argument is a utilitarian one‚ having as its goal the maximization of interest satisfaction. Singer’s views on the relationship between civil rights movements and the animal rights
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with‚ specifically the environment‚ is to act in consideration of its value as an ecological conscience and to not take the land for granted in terms of its value from a philosophical standpoint due to the principles of the land ethic. In accordance to this‚ Aldo Leopold’s land ethic largely supports the land as an entity and suggests the proper and ethical way the land and its non-human elements such as animals should be treated with equal consideration to that of human beings. The land ethic is “.
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connections or spatial/cultural distance. Singer argues that this utilitarian‚ impartial
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the actions and always produces the greatest happiness for the more significant number of people. If the actions are wrong‚ it can also provide the reverse happiness for people meaning it could also harm them. The example that we have seen about utilitarian was about ‘trolley problem‚’ where five workers were working on one track and only one worker on the other
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’The greatest good for the greatest number.’ Therefore‚ a positive utilitarian will say we should aim simply to increase the happiness of all those affected by our actions. Negative utilitarianism is the attempt to minimise the amount of misery. An action is right if and only if it produces at least as much good for all affected by the action as any alternative action the agent could do instead. Therefore‚ a negative utilitarian will say that we should seek to reduce the unhappiness of those affected
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Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds‚ that an action is right if it produces‚ or if it tends to produce‚ the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action‚ otherwise the action is wrong" (DeGeorge‚ 44). The utilitarian approach assesses each action separately and the effects that arise from it. Act utilitarianism‚ the most common form used in many circumstances‚ looks at the consequences of each individual act and calculate utility each time the act is performed
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considered in conjunction with the effects that follow upon them. ACT AND RULE UTILITARIANISM Act utilitarianism holds that each individual action‚ in all its concreteness and in all its detail‚ is what should be subjected to the utilitarian test. Rule utilitarians hold that utility applies appropriately to classes of actions rather than to given individual actions. Thus‚ by looking at the general consequences of breaking contracts in the past‚ we can determine that breaking contracts is immoral
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