argument for preferring Kantian ethics to Utilitarianism. 2. How would Richard Taylor respond to O’neil’s defense of Kantianism? In the following questions‚ Onora O’neil defends Kantian ethics while Richard Taylor agrees more with the Utilitarian ethics view. To fully understand both views and why each author defends their view‚ a brief introduction of each author and who they are is necessary. Onora O’neil is a philosophy professor at Cambridge University‚ while Richard Taylor
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young boy. According to utilitarian reasoning‚ the benefit of saving three peoples lives outweighs the value of the loss of one life. Utilitarianism is a theory of justice whose highest principle is to maximize happiness and utility: “The basic idea of utilitarianism is simple: the right thing to do is what produces the most good” (Mill‚ 15). The “most good” can be understood in terms of happiness‚ or the greater amount of pleasure than of pain. Therefore‚ utilitarians measure the consequences
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intrinsic core makes them easy to understand and a valuable part of our ethical decision making. Consequentialism and just consequentialism use a similar utilitarian approach to their ethical decision making. Their utilitarian approach focusses mainly on the good of the majority. Just consequentialism adds a two-step decision-making process onto the utilitarian body of consequentialism. This extra process allows for the consideration of one’s duties and rights when making ethical decisions‚ making just consequentialism
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Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory‚ which means that it judges the morality of an action based on the consequences that follow from it rather than on external moral duties. Philosophers who adhere to utilitarianism regard the maximisation of utility as the key determent for understanding whether an action is right or not . In this essay I will argue that the amount of utility produces by an action is not an ideal way of determining its morality. This will be done by firstly clarifying the
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punishment comes from the nature of the crime and does not consider if the consequences are good or bad‚ just that the person pays the penalty for having committed the crime. This view point is vastly different that the Utilitarian model of punishment (Bzdak PP). The Utilitarian view point always considers the consequences of punishment. The foundation of Utilitarianism is that happiness is the ultimate goal and we need to do whatever we can to maximize this. Punishment is wrong (immoral) because
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Ethical Theories‚ Principles‚ Policies‚ Choice making Ethical Theories- Ethical theories are based on the previously explained ethical principles. They each emphasize different aspects of an ethical dilemma and lead to the most ethically correct resolution according to the guidelines within the ethical theory itself. People usually base their individual choice of ethical theory upon their life experiences (1‚2). Deontology The deontological theory states that people should adhere to their
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factory farm animals. Gaverick Matheny’s first premise is that utilitarianism is a legitimate ethical theory. Matheny’s second premise is that utilitarianism includes non-human interests. Matheny’s third premise is that factory farms violate utilitarian beliefs. Matheny’s conclusion‚ therefore‚ is that factory farms are unethical and that “most of us should change the way we live” (13). Gaverick Matheny reaches his conclusion based on one x-factor: knowledge or the lack thereof. He tells us how
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Will they get hurt? Moreover utilitarianism gives no special moral weight to justice. Maybe just outcomes will often produce more overall happiness than unjust ones. But in those cases in which an unjust outcome would produce more happiness‚ a utilitarian will need to favor it - Impossibility: The second most common criticism of utilitarianism is that it is impossible to apply - that happiness‚ for example‚ cannot be quantified or measured‚ that there is no way of calculating a trade-off between
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these goals of punishment: utilitarian‚ retributive‚ and denunciation theories. Presently‚ the U.S. conception of punishment is a combination of the utilitarian‚ retributive‚ and denunciation theories. However‚ the most widely accepted rationale for punishment in the United States is retribution. This is seen in the rationale for a conviction‚ as the sentence a defendant receives is always‚ at least in part‚ a form of retribution. However‚ a sentence may combine utilitarian principles with retribution
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maximizing happiness or pleasure as summed among all persons. It means that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome – “the ends justify the means”. The theory is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action. To a utilitarian‚ the choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the choice that is ethically correct (Markoczy‚ 2002). Virtue theory according to Rainbow (2002)‚ is an approach to ethics which emphasizes character‚ rather than rules or consequences
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