1. From a utilitarian point of view‚ we could generally say that it is permissible to test on living creatures‚ because by finding a cure for pancreatic cancer we would help a large amount of people‚ while only hurting a few in the research process. According to Singer’s concept of speciesism‚ there is no significant difference between the human and the chimpanzee that we should take into account in making this decision. It doesn’t matter what species you belong to‚ and just because the human belongs
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considered in conjunction with the effects that follow upon them. ACT AND RULE UTILITARIANISM Act utilitarianism holds that each individual action‚ in all its concreteness and in all its detail‚ is what should be subjected to the utilitarian test. Rule utilitarians hold that utility applies appropriately to classes of actions rather than to given individual actions. Thus‚ by looking at the general consequences of breaking contracts in the past‚ we can determine that breaking contracts is immoral
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Suppose the class has a test due and some of the students are debating whether or not they should cheat. The utilitarian would need to know many specifics about the test whether or not what the chances are of getting caught cheating‚ what grade they probably would get if you didn’t cheat‚ and what grade you’d probably get if you did cheat‚ in the short and long term. Only then would the utilitarian be able to tell whether or not you should cheat on the exam. On the one hand‚ if it turns out that they
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qualitative view and saw nature as a machine instead of an organism. The revolution began in astronomy‚ in which Nicholas Copernicus thought of a heliocentric universe‚ which turned the world upside-down and published in 1543. Different from platonic instrumentalism‚ Copernicus said that satisfactory astronomy must describe the real‚ physical world. Most of the world’s professional astronomers were using his system by the time the church had largely opposed. In the
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There are many different ways in which we utilize non-human animals. From clothing‚ to food‚ bi-products‚ even friendship‚ non-human animals are a very integral part of our lives‚ and as such raise questions of morality in terms to their treatment. I personally did not give much thought to my personal use of non-human animals prior to this‚ but it turns out that it is in fact very extensive. My main use of non-human animals is for nutritional purposes. My diet consists of a variety of products‚
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MODULE TITLE: Consumer Behaviour – Theory and Practice STUDENT’s NAME: Naman Agrawal STUDENT’s I.D.: c7093936 COURSE: B.A (hons) International Business MODULE TUTOR: Mr Anil Kumar ASSESSOR(S): Katrin Horn Page-1 CONTENTS 1. Question2 Part (a) 2.1 Introduction 2.2 General Issues about Consumer Culture/ and General Issues 2.3 Critical Analysis 2. Question 2 Part (b) 3.4 Current Examples of Advertising that attempts to influence
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answer to that question relies whether or not you are speaking to a utilitarian. Another problem occurs though is there such thing as a pure utilitarian? For the sake of simplification when applying utilitarian it will be though as someone who is not purely utilitarian seeing that it is almost impossible to be purely utilitarian. Returning to the initial question of whether he is separated from all that is good‚ a utilitarian would say no. Machiavelli does justify actions some consider immoral
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bodily pleasures How does Mill argue that some pleasures are better than others? As irrespective of any feeling of moral obligation to prefer it that is the more desirable pleasure. What does Mill mean when he claims that the utilitarian perspective is that of a “benevolent spectator”? They read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility. Placing the interest of every individual as nearly as possible in harmony to the whole. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS What is happiness‚ and
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determine if an action is right‚ it is necessary to calculate the amount of pleasure or suffering that is produced as a result on an impartial basis‚ meaning that everyone’s happiness counts equally (Sinnott-Armstrong). Anthony Ashley Cooper‚ an early utilitarian thinker stated‚ “…we call any creature worthy or virtuous when it can
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The file PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz includes right solutions on the following questions: 1. Few businesses maintain that the socially responsible course to take is the utilitarian one with the lowest net costs. (Points : 1) 2. Utilitarianism is attractive to many because it matches the views we tend to hold when discussing governmental policies and public goods. (Points : 1) 3. Negative rights are defined entirely in terms of the duties others have not to interfere with you. (Points : 1) 4. Cost-benefit
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