SHI 23776234 Simin LIU 23624337 Jieru HE 21216819 Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Background 4 2.0 Explanation 6 3.0 Analysis and Evaluation 8 3.1 Utilitarian View 8 3.1.1 Absolute Utility 8 3.1.2 Marginal Utility 8 3.2 Kantian Views 10 3.2.1 Utilitarian View Revisited Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.2 Means not Ends 10 3.2.2 Respecting one’s dignity 11 3.3 Rights Ethics 13 3.3.1 Total Institution causes loss of control and
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Financial support through a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged. August 20‚ 2001 Abstract This chapter provides a survey of utilitarian theories of justice. We review and discuss axiomatizations of utilitarian and generalized-utilitarian social-evaluation functionals in a welfarist framework. Section 2 introduces‚ along with some basic definitions‚ socialevaluation functionals. Furthermore‚ we discuss several information-invariance
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Utilitarianism In his book‚ J.S. Mill attempts to build on Jeremy Bentham’s original idea of Utilitarianism. His definition of the moral theory is one that is grounded in Bentham’s original work but also extends to include remarks to criticisms of Utilitarianism. Mill believes that‚ like Bentham‚ utility is what is valuable to society. Utility‚ according to Mill‚ is the promotion of pleasure or the absence of pain. He defines this as happiness‚ which is why he refers to utility as the Greatest
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I still strongly disagree. I will give a few samples to support my viewpoint on the issue of capital punishment to better to clarify and will do so by indicating various arguments Marx discusses. First‚ I will discuss the Biblical witness‚ then utilitarian argument‚ and last retribution and justice. First‚ Marx writes‚ “When confronted with an ethical question‚ Christians consider the biblical witness as a guide to making a decision.” The Bible has always been referenced as the book of life and whenever
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units there is more in the mass which is composed of them” (779 On Liberty). In other words‚ individuality is good because it promotes happiness for the self‚ which ultimately promotes happiness for the whole of society. This is an essentially utilitarian argument‚ because individuality is valued as a means of achieving happiness and not for being of inherent value
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were manufactured in a manner to suit the Ford specifications‚ and they did became a part of the assembly process. At the time of assembly‚ Ford should have checked whether the tire had the same quality as other components. Even according to the utilitarian approach‚ the manufacturer of the product should be held responsible for the detects rather than the retailer. And it is the duty of every producers to
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To address the philosophical justifications behind the use of societal punishment I drew my conclusions from our readings this week. First‚ the main philosophical justification is found in the Greenwalt material‚ this is for retributive punishment. This type of punishment is derived on the concept of whom is deserving of punishment‚ basically if one violates the law then he or she should be punished to help restore the moral order in said society. According to the Greeenwalt article‚ there is another
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are morally foundational. Basically‚ this means that when it comes to care ethics‚ it can be justified to devote more of your attention to those that are close to you‚ as opposed to those that you are not close with. But according to Kantian and Utilitarian ethics‚ all people are equally deserving of moral attention. Care ethics is typically defined as a practice as opposed to a theory‚ and in this context “care” means maintaining not only our own needs- but the needs of others. Care ethics stresses
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Summarise arguments against abortion with reference to both ethical and religious teachings. 30 marks Abortion is the deliberate ending of a life after fertilisation. For many years the morality of abortion has been disputed with many religions condemning women from having an abortion. Abortion also goes against many ethical theories‚ such as Rule utilitarianism and Bentham’s Utilitarianism. A religion that is strongly against abortion is Christianity. In Christianity it is believed that life
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tell a lie‚ but the right thing to do. There are many different views on lying and other ethical topics. A couple examples of these views are the ones of Immanuel Kant and the utilitarian’s. The first of these views is that of the utilitarian. A utilitarian typically has the view that any action is justified and correct if the action benefits the overall good of others in the situation. Therefore‚ they do believe there are times when lying is right. If lying helps the overall in a good way
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