titled‚ ‘Utilitarianism‚’ by stating the best choice of action to take‚ when there are multiple options to choose from‚ is the action that produces the highest overall sum of happiness within a society. By applying this theory to the domain of war‚ one might instantly believe war is always the morally wrong choice. Utilitarianism focuses on the actual consequences of an action‚ and war brings about death‚ suffering‚ and multiple other negative consequences. Therefore‚ just by utilitarianism war would
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that the morally correct act is whichever brings the greatest amount of pleasure to the largest number of people. If Jim was a Utilitarian in this case‚ then he will most likely kill one person in order to save nineteen others. As Bentham says‚ “Utilitarianism accepts the fact about reality and uses it as the foundation of its ethical doctrine”. Furthermore‚ killing one person to let nineteen others free is the morally correct thing to do because Benthem states‚ “ A morally good action is one that brings
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moral life built on religion. In later years some philosophers have argued for virtue ethics‚ saying good ethics in not rules‚ rights and responsibilities‚ but is depending on character. Virtue ethics appreciates the person to do right thing‚ by exercising judgement‚ rather than by applying a universal set of rules. Virtue ethics is closely linked with universalism. However‚ that persons guided by virtue ethics are more morally reliable than those who simply follow the rules but fail to inspect‚
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presents ETHICAL THEORIES SLIDE 1 – INTRODUCTORY SLIDE Ethical theories provide part of the decision-making foundation for Decision Making When Ethics Are In Play because these theories represent the viewpoints from which individuals seek guidance as they make decisions. Each theory emphasizes different points – a different decision-making style or a decision rule—such as predicting the outcome and following one’s duties to others in order to reach what the individual considers an ethically correct
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Involvement) LEARNING OBJECTIVES (TOPIC 3) After completion of this topic‚ you will be able to: 1. Describe the main ethical theories and apply it to business scenarios © iStockphoto.com/Dan Bachman ETHICAL THEORIES Three periods in history of ethics Greek period (500 BC-AD 500) • The man who performed his duties as a citizen = good man • Greeks – “Man is the measure of all things” – he decides for himself what is right and wrong • Socrates‚ Plato and Aristotle emphasised the need and importance
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John Stuart Mill begins his argument for utilitarianism by convincing us that‚ without a measure for determining moral value‚ we cannot accurately hold ourselves responsible as our own moral agents. In response to this concern‚ he outlines a moral code based on the principle of utility. As a promoter of the highest presence of pleasure and lowest presence of pain‚ Mill continues on to argue that the ultimate end is happiness‚ with all other actions and intentions having value only so far as being
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ABSTRACT Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory originally established by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that advocates brining about good consequences or happiness to all concerned. Kantianism is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Kantianism is another famous rule of the nonconsequentialist theory. Kant’s theory contains several ethical principles. These principles are the good will‚ establishing morality by reasoning alone‚ categorical imperative‚ duty rather than inclination‚ and summary
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depend on what humans assign them? Aristotle Virtue Ethics. 2. In the video on Deontology‚ what example does Kant use to illustrate a negative duty (which is perfect) and which cannot be modified to suit the situation. “Do not lie” was Kants example‚ it is something that you are prohibited from doing. 3. Virtue Ethics is often criticized for being relativistic and depending on what a culture believes is virtuous. What theory in Virtue Ethics answers this criticism? The Theory of the mean. 4.
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He justifies his murders of a pawnbroker and her sister‚ Alyona and Lizaveta Ivanovna‚ by claiming that he is exempt from the law. Raskolnikov also originally uses utilitarianism as justification by stating that he contributes to the greater good of others by removing a harmful “louse” from society. However‚ following the murders‚ Raskolnikov suffers from immense guilt and torment. Through an exploration of Raskolnikov’s
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Good Life Aristotle believed that all people seek happiness(flourishing) Eudemonia: more then happiness being in a better state then you are now. Its an umbrella team (human flourishing) John rawls “plan of life” Jeremy bentham Utilitarianism/ avoid pain maximize pleasure. Judge it by * Intensity * duration * certainty or un certainty (likelihood or happening) * propinquity or remoteness (sooner or later) * fecundity (produce more pleasure) * purity (displeasure)
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