Chp. 4 Biology Study Guide Page 1 8/30/2011 BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 4– THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE Matter = anything that takes up space and has mass (major types of matter = solid‚ liquid‚ and gas) Any type of matter is made of one or more elements. o Element = a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by regular chemical processes. (examples: gold‚ silver‚ mercury‚ etc.) There are approximately 25 elements necessary for life. • Examples: oxygen‚ carbon‚ hydrogen‚
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may continue on the next column or page – find all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points A proton is briefly accelerated in the −y direction‚ as shown in the figure below. A × B × C × k= a + D × 1 003 10.0 points An electric field acts on an electron‚ resulting in an acceleration of 1.6 × 1017 m/s2 for a short time. What is the magnitude of the radiative electric field observed at a location a distance of 5 cm away along a perpendicular to the direction of the acceleration? Use the following constants:
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Bonding Section 3.3 Electron Configurations and Periodic Trends (pg. 139-157) Feb. 11 For single electron system all orbitals with the same value of have the same energy Atoms with more than 1 electron with the same value of n have different energies (sublevels) Because of interactions between additional electrons All orbitals within a sublevel have the same energy The Fourth Quantum Number: A property of the electron (spin quantum number: ms) Describes property of the electron that results from
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Reduction/Oxidation Reactions • Oxidation number: The charge that an atom in a molecule would develop if the most electronegative atoms in the molecule took the shared electrons from the less electronegative atoms. • Oxidation numbers are not real; they are only based on assumptions. They are useful bookkeeping tools though‚ and can help us keep track of electrons during a reaction. • The sum of all oxidation numbers in a molecule must equal the charge of that molecule. • Rules 1-4 about oxidation numbers: what’s
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Module 2: The Scientific Method and Matter The Scientific Method Step 1: Performing Experiments Step 2: Making Observations Step 3: Proposing a Hypothesis Step 4: Confirming the Hypothesis Step 5: Proposing a Scientific Law Scientific Notation It is a mathematical expression in which a number is expressed as N x 10^n where N contains only one nonzero digit to the left of the decimal and n is an integer. Rules for Determining Significant Figures (digits) - All nonzero digits are
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us‚ including ourselves. They consist of protons which give off a positive charge‚ electrons which give off a negative charge and neutrons which have no charge. In an atom there are the same amount of protons as there are electrons. If there weren’t it would cause the atom to behave differently. Atoms have layers around them called shells which contain electrons. Each shell can only hold a certain amount of electrons. Molecules can be multiple atoms of the same element combined or the elements can
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Lab 6: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution(1) Nitration of Methyl Benzoate(2) Synthesis of 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene byFriedel-Crafts Alkylation of 1‚4-DimethoxybenzenePurpose1)To carry out the nitration of methyl benzoate‚ and then identify the major product formed (position at which nitro-group substitution takes place) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)‚ the percent yield and the melting point range. 2)To synthesize 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of
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encounter resistance to their flow which means that they collide with atoms in the conductor. More resistance means that more energy is needed to push the same number of electrons through part of the circuit. So by increasing the voltage more electrons will flow through the circuit‚ which means there would be a lot more electrons flowing in the circuit therefore there will be a lot more energy being produced. This means that the more voltage flowing through the circuit the faster the reaction will
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particles that form together to create an atom of an element; protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons. Protons are positively charged and form the nucleus of an atom with neutrons that carry no charge. Electrons are negatively charged and are constantly moving around the nucleus. Ions are created when electrons move from one atom to another atom changing the charge of that atom to either positive or negative. When electrons move they form bonds. There are two types of bonds; ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds
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based on total external reflectivity. Using this method we can calculate the thickness of the film electron density profile of the material and roughness of the film surface. After a short introduction of Fresnel’s reflectivity‚ the Parratt formulation is used for the calculation reflectivity for a stratified film. Then after discussing the experimental technique‚ we have calculated the thickness‚ electron density and roughness from the experimental curve. CONTENTS Introduction---------------
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