LECTURE STOCK VALUATION 1. Common stock valuation A share of common stock is more difficult to value in practice than a bond‚ for at least three reasons. First‚ with common stock‚ not even the promised cash flows are known in a advance. Second‚ the life of the investment is essentially forever‚ since common stock has no maturity. Third‚ there is no way to easily observe the rate of return that the market requires. Nonetheless‚ as we will see‚ there are cases in which we can come up with
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operations and cutomers’ satisfaction.It is an unidentifiable attribute or an intangible asset of a business. It enables the business to earn more than just sufficient profits which induces the entrepreneurs to remain in action all the times. Valuation of goodwill: Cost method It is the value which a rational buyer would pay for the business as a going concern less the value of net assets(assets-liabilities) taken over by the buyer. Cost of goodwill purchased=purchase price-net assets purchased
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Assignment for Week -2 Chapter 5 (5 - 9) Bond Valuation and Interest Rate Risk Bond L Bond S INS = $100 INS = $100 M = $1‚000 M = $1‚000 N = 15 Years N = 1 Year a) 1) rd = 5% VBL = INT/ (1 + rd)t + M/ (1 + rd)N =INT [1/rd – 1/ rd(1 + rd)N ] + M/ (1 + rd)N =$100 [1/0.05 – 1/ 0.05(1 + 0.05)15] + $1‚000/ (1 + 0.05)15 =$1040 + $480.77 = $1518.98
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Cement Sector Prepared by: 1) Ritika Khare 2) Divya Nangia 3) Vidya Rajgopal 4) Pawan Thakare 5) Dhananjay Limaye 6) Mrugen Shah 1) Nature of the Industry CEMENT The word Cement has come from the Roman word ‘Opus Caementicium’. In general‚ the word cement means binder- a substance‚ which when gets set and hardens‚ binds itself independently with other substances. Joseph Aspdin‚ a British stonemason‚ invented cement way back in
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Context: 1995 Summary: PHINMA’s presence in the Philippine cement industry began in 1956 when the company was founded by several Filipino investors‚ principally Mr. Ramon del Rosario Sr. and Engr. Filemon Rodriguez. It purchased ownership of Bacnotan Cement Co. from the government. In 1969‚ PHINMA constructed a second plant‚ the Davao Union Cement Co.‚ under a turnkey agreement with F.L. Smidth of Denmark. In 1976‚ the Rizal Cement company‚ owned by the Madrigal family‚ came under the management of
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sectors like industrial sector especially mentioned the “Cement Industry”. Cement industry is fast growing due to the growing real estate market in the country and especially in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. At present‚ there are nine cement factories in United Arab Emirates and they produce 8.5 million tons of cement every year. The emirate of Ras Al Khamah is the largest cement producer in United Arab Emirates. In our report‚ we studied the cement industry in UAE and analyzed them financially for the years
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Introduction to Cement Sector 5 3. Cement Manufacturing process 11 4. Introduction to MapleLeaf Cement Sector 13 5. Financial Highlights (Maple Leaf) 15 6. Interpretation (Maple Leaf) 22 7. Introduction to D.G Cement 24 8. Financial Highlights (D.G cement) 27
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Option Valuation Chapter 21 Intrinsic and Time Value intrinsic value of in-the-money options = the payoff that could be obtained from the immediate exercise of the option for a call option: stock price – exercise price for a put option: exercise price – stock price the intrinsic value for out-the-money or at-themoney options is equal to 0 time value of an option = difference between actual call price and intrinsic value as time approaches expiration date‚ time value goes to zero 21-2
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HISTORY & INTRODUCTION In 1947‚ Pakistan inherited 4 cement plants having total installed capacity of 0.5 million tons. Over the next 20 years‚ five cement units were established with aggregate production capacity of 3.2 million tons. Among these units Zeal Pak and Javedan were established in Sindh in the public sector. Maple Leaf‚ Gharibwal and Mustehkam were established in the province of Punjab. In 1972‚ the cement industry was nationalized which stopped further addition to capacity until 1977
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PRINCIPLES OF VALUATION Because rational people prefer to receive benefits sooner than later and make sacrifices later than sooner‚ money‚ which provides the option to buy benefits‚ is likewise preferred sooner to later. If an individual prefers money sooner than later‚ then he/she values a dollar today more than a dollar tomorrow or a dollar in one year from now. A dollar today is worth a dollar today: therefore‚ a dollar next year must be worth less than a dollar today since it is less preferable/valuable
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