heat exchanger is shown in Figure 8.1. Here steam at a temperature of Tv is sent to the shell side at the port A at a rate of W kg/s. The steam transfers heat to a fluid at the tube side .The steam condenses during this process and leaves the shell side at the port B at a temperature Ts. The tube side fluid enters the heat exchanger at C with a flow rate of M kg/s at a temperature Ti and leaves at D at a temperature To. The heat loss QH from the steam can be expressed as QH = W(λ + CpH.(Tv-Ts)) Similarly
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT WE HEREBY TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO THANK NTPC LTD. TANDA FOR GIVING US THIS OPPORTUNITY TO CONDUCT OUR TRAINING IN NTPC LTD.‚ TANDA. WE ARE GRATEFUL TO MR. D.N. TIWARI(DGM‚C&I) FOR ALLOWING US TO CONDUCT OUR TRAINING IN THE CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT.WE ARE HEARTLY INDEBTED TO OUR PROJECT GUIDE Mr. LALIT KUMAR SINGH (Dy.SUPT‚C&I)FOR PROVIDING US WITH DETAILED IN DEPTH KNOWLEDGE AND VERY USEFUL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS USED IN THE PLANT.HIS SUPPORT
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out from the heat water tank to prevent overflow. DEARECTOR TANK. A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of oxygen and other dissolved gases from the feedwater to steam-generating boilers. In particular‚ dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwaters will cause serious corrosion damage in steam systems by attaching to the walls of metal piping and other metallic equipment and forming oxides (rust). Dissolved carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid that causes further
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660 MW WARM STARTUP PROCEDURES WARM START UP AFTER 36 HRS SHUTDOWN AND HPC TEMPERATURE 340 C AND IPC 320 C WITH BOILER PR 1 TO 30 KSC |NO |ACTIVITY SEQUENCE | |1 |All HT‚ LT SWGR ‚Battery chargers are charged | |2 |Raw water pump in service & Clarified water treatment plant
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Relief Valve opens- the pressure in the reactors core had surpassed safe limits‚ which automatically opens the Relief Valve. This released steam into a containment tank. 00:00:04 Back up Pumps turn on- Lights on the control panel indicated to the operators that the secondary loop water pumps have been turned on. They are unaware that the pumps are disengaged and not performing. 00:00:09 Boron and Silver rods are lowered into the reactor. Control Panel Light Goes out which indicates the valve is closed-
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Objective 1. To demonstrate the relationship between the pressure and temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water. 2. To determine the vapour pressure curve. Introduction Properties of a fluid can change when heat and work are applied to it. There’s an interchange between the fluid and its surroundings when heat and work are applied according to the study of thermodynamics. Substances such as gases and vapors are often referred as P-V-T substances. Theory: An ideal gas
Free Pressure Ideal gas law Thermodynamics
Equations 3.1.3 The ObjectStab Library 3.1.4 The ThermoPower Library Connectors Synchronous Generator Steam Turbine Control Valves Boiler‚ Re-heater and Condenser Overall Steam Cycle Excitation System and Power System Stabilizer Turbine Governor Turbine-Generator Shaft Overall Model Boundary Conditions Simplifications within the Model 3.13.1 Steam Cycle 3.13.2 Governor 3.13.3 Valves and Valve Characteristics 3.13.4 Electric Grid 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 22 23 23 23 24 25 26 26
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COOLING TECHNIQUES IN TRANSMITTER Introduction In modern A.M. transmitters power valves are used in the PA and modulator stages‚ which are condensed vapour cooled ceramic tetrodes. In the old generation transmittes‚ triodes are used in the PA‚ modulator and exciter stages. Both the tetrodes and triodes tubes are capable of being operated at high voltages (11 kV DC) and large anode current of the order of 50 Amps. They also draw large filament current of about 620 Anps at 24 volt CQK-350
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them from affecting process being controlled. A cascade control scheme has two controllers‚ the output of the master controller being used to adjust the set point of the slave controller The effect of steam pressure disturbances can be compensated for using a slave The effect of steam pressure disturbances can be compensated for using a slave flow control loop. The set point of the flow control loop u M is manipulated by the level controller output. If the level h is too low the set point
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include motor car‚ auto car‚ or car. Numerous dictionaries and sources that define the word automobile‚ state that they run on an internal-combustion engine. While this is true‚ not all automobiles run on gasoline or petroleum. The electric car and steam engines have shown that many alternatives exist to power vehicles. Dictionaries also affirm that the purpose of an automobile is to transport passengers. Advancements in technology are rapidly altering this. There are roughly 806 million cars and
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