Sunk Cost-cost that has already been incurred and cannot be avoided no matter what a manager decides to do. A business segment should only be dropped if a company can avoid more in fixed costs than it loses in: contribution margin Which of the following techniques describe how a bottleneck should be managed: Find ways to increase the capacity of the bottleneck‚ ensure there is minimal lost time at the bottleneck due to breakdowns and set-ups‚ focus business process improvement efforts on the bottleneck
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Definition and explanation of mixed or semi variable cost: A mixed cost is one that contains both variable and fixed cost elements. Mixed cost is also known as semi variable cost. Examples of mixed costs include electricity and telephone bills. A portion of these expenses are usually consists line rent. Line rent normally is fixed for each month. Variable portion consists units consumed or calls made. The relationship between mixed cost and level of activity can be expressed by the following equation
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Classification of Cost Cost may be classified into different categories depending upon the purpose of classification. Some of the important categories in which the costs are classified are as follows: 1. Fixed‚ Variable and Semi-Variable Costs The cost which varies directly in proportion with every increase or decrease in the volume of output or production is known as variable cost. Some of its examples are as follows: • Wages of laborers • Cost of direct material • Power The cost which does
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Modelling 2 Week 3: Discrete Random Variables Stephen Bush Department of Mathematical Sciences MM2: Statistics - Week 3 - 1 Random Variables • Reference: Devore § 3.1 – 3.5 • Definitions: • An experiment is any process of obtaining one outcome where the outcome is uncertain. • A random variable is a numerical variable whose value can change from one replicate of the experiment to another. • Sample means and sample standard deviations are random variables • They are different from sample
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operating income between variable costing and absorption costing are due to accounting for fixed manufacturing costs. Under variable costing only variable manufacturing costs are included as inventoriable costs. Under absorption costing both variable and fixed manufacturing costs are included as inventoriable costs. Fixed marketing and distribution costs are not accounted for differently under variable costing and absorption costing. 9-2 The term direct costing is a misnomer for variable costing for two
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activity-based costing and the creation of individual cost pools that will use direct labor hours (DLH)‚ material handling (MH)‚ and number of shipments (NS) as cost drivers. Data on the cost pools and respective driver volumes follow. Product Alpha Gamma Pool Cost Pool No. 1 (Driver: DLH) 200 1800 $420‚000 Pool No. 2 (Driver: MH) 15 10 $375‚000 Pool No. 3 (Driver: NS) 2‚000 18‚000 $20‚000 1. The overhead cost allocated to Alpha by using traditional costing procedures
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TYPES OF COSTS Introduction :-Production is the result of services rendered by various factors of production.The producer or firm has to make payments for this factor services. From the point of view of the factor inputs it is called ‘factor income’ while for the firm it is ‘factor payment’‚ or cost of inputs.Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurredin the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expensesincurred on the production
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COST ACCOUNTING Select the one best answer for each: 1. Which one of the following would not be classified as manufacturing overhead? a. Indirect labor b. Direct materials c. Insurance on factory building d. Indirect materials 2. Prime costs of a company are $3‚000‚000‚ manufacturing overhead is $1‚500‚000 and direct labor is $750‚000. What is the amount of direct materials? a. $1‚500‚000. b. $750‚000. c. $2‚250‚000.
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WHAT IS A RANDOM VARIABLE? A random variable assigns a number to each outcome of a random circumstance‚ or‚ equivalently‚ a random variable assigns a number to each unit in a population. It is easier to create rules for broad classes of situations and then identify how a specific example fits into a class than it is to create rules for each specific example. We can employ this strategy quite effectively for working with a wide variety of situations Involving probability and random outcomes. We
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COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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