Define and collect at least two or more examples for each of the following – Fad‚ Trend‚ Megatrend Fad: Basically‚ a fad is a popular practice or interest followed only for a short time with exaggerated zeal‚ angelic‚ or enthusiasm. A fad happens when we cry "Oh‚ I need that!" even if it’s not something that ever crossed our mind to own‚ have or use before and where it doesn’t meet any particular need in our life. Fads happen in all walks of life but the more ephemeral‚ transitory and prone to
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Cost Control and Cost Reduction A business enterprise must survive‚ grow‚ and prosper. Cost Control and Cost Reduction are activities necessary for ensuring that these objectives are fulfilled. With the liberalization of the Indian Economy and Globalization‚ there is now a cut throat competition from various concerns of the world. As a result there is now a race to secure a place for survival. This has increased the importance of cost control and Cost Reduction. Cost Control “Cost control
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Cost Behavior Cost behavior is term for describing whether a cost changes when the level of output changes. The cost can vary proportionately with the changes in the level of activity or unaffected by changes in the level of activity. Costs can be variable‚ fixed‚ or mixed. A cost that does not change in total as output changes is a fixed cost. A variable cost‚ on the other hand‚ increases in total with an increase in output and decreases in total with a decrease in output. Understanding how costs
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Cost Management or Cost Control In broad sense‚ both the terms have the same meaning. Yet cost management seems to connote broader perspective. Cost control to an un-initiated may mean cutting down the incurrence of cost or expenditure every time or in every situation. In reality it is not always so. In many specific situations‚ many times‚ one has to spend or incur cost in order to gain or make more money. It is in fact like an investment. Cost management sounds better then. Profits Making
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CHAPTER 3 ACTIVITY COST BEHAVIOR LEARNING OBJECTIVES AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER‚ YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Define and describe fixed‚ variable‚ and mixed costs. 2. Explain the use of the resources and activities and their relationship to cost behavior. 3. Separate mixed costs into their fixed and variable components using the high-low method‚ the scatterplot method‚ and the method of least squares. 4. Evaluate the reliability of the cost formula. 5. Explain how multiple regression
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We already know that following are the important cost concepts related to the production process of a firm: • Fixed Cost • Varibale Cost • Average Cost • Marginal Cost please refer to following page Introduction to Cost Concepts to understand various cost concepts in detail. Here we will briefly state again the meaning of above stated cost concepts for better understanding of the module on short run cost analysis. Fixed Cost is that cost which does not change (that is either goes up or
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COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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theorizes or makes logical sense of the relationship among the several factors that have been identified as important to the research problem concerned. To put it simply a theoretical framework involves identifying the network of relationship among the variables considered important to the study .It provides the conceptual foundation to proceed further with the research. The theory is developed based on the documentation of previous research studies undertaken in the relevant study area or similar problems
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of M&S to Tesco PLC 1.1Company Background Marks and Spencer Group (M&S) is the premier retailer in clothing‚ foods and home ware within the United Kingdom. The company’s commitment to quality‚ value‚ service‚ innovation and trust is a key contributor to their success as a high street retailer in the UK. Their current core UK operations centre around three divisions‚ food‚ general merchandise (including clothing and home ware)‚ and the financial services industry. Therefore Tesco plc is the
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Tesco Value chain Analysis The term ‘Value Chain’ was used by Michael Porter in his book "Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining superior Performance" (1985). The value chain analysis describes the activities the organization performs and links them to the organizations competitive position. According to Lynch (2003)‚ value chain is defined as the links between key value adding activities and their interface with the support activities. Value chain analysis is a means for evaluating the
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