In contrast to mosses (Phylum Bryophyta)‚ the vascular plant sporophyte is dominant over AND is functionally independent of the gametophyte. • Conductive (vascular) tissues are universal AND are present in the sporophyte (not the gametophyte). • Although mosses live in moist environments (at least some of the time)‚ some vascular plants have acquired relative independence of free water. • Some vascular plants survive in harsh conditions (including hot and cool deserts). Ferns belong to the Phylum
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TOMATO PLANT 1) Seed: Tomato seeds are small‚ flat and disk shaped and about 1/8 inch wide. They contain two energy storage organs called cotyledons and an embryo encased in a hard outer shell called the seed coat. The seed is the dormant or resting stage of the plant life cycle. When young tomato plants are damaged‚ they tend to go into a dormant‚ survival stage in which plant growth is delayed for a while. Frost damage is something to look out for when planting tomatoes early on in the season
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cycles of bryophytes‚ seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms. Focus your answer on traits (structures or processes) that affect the success of various transitions in the life cycle. How do any of the differences you mention affect the relative success of these different groups in dry environments? All bryophytes‚ for example‚ liverworts‚ mosses and hornworts‚ have the gametophyte generation as the most dominant. Antheridia and archegonia develop on the mature plant (the gametophyte). In the presence
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Lower Vascular Plants Lower vascular plants include divisions Lycophyta‚ Sphenophyta‚ and Pterophyta. Division Lycophyta includes club mosses and ground pines. Sporophytes of these have stems covered with small‚ scaly leaves. Sporangia appear on the upper surface of the leaves and are structures that produce spores. Lycopods have small leaves that each contains one vein that brings water to the leaf from the roots and carries away extra food. Division Sphenophyta is made up of horsetails or scouring
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The evolution of plants has resulted in increasing levels of complexity‚ from the earliest algal mats‚ through bryophytes‚ lycopods‚ ferns to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms of today. While the groups which appeared earlier continue to thrive‚ especially in the environments in which they evolved‚ each new grade of organisation has eventually become more "successful" than its predecessors by most measures. Probably an algal scum formed on land 1‚200 million years ago. In the Ordovician period
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Vascular bundles are present in vascular tissue system and are distributed in the stele. The stele is the central column of Dicol stems. Each vascular bundle may be made up of both xylem tissue and phloem tissue with a cambium as in dicot stems or without cambium as in Monocot stems or of one kind of tissue xylem or phloem as in roots. Vascular bundle may be regularly arranged in a ring as in the stems of most dicotyledons and in all roots or they may be scattered in the ground tissue as in stems
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Excellent; I couldn’ t have written a better paper myself. DIVERSITY OF PLANTS Plants evolved more than 430 million years ago from multicellular green algae. By 300 million years ago‚ trees had evolved and formed forests‚ within which the diversification of vertebrates‚ insects‚ and fungi occurred. Roughly 266‚000 species of plants are now living. The two major groups of plants are the bryophytes and the vascular plants; the latter group consists of nine divisions that have living members. Bryophytes
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Experiment 6- The Pathways of Plant Water Movement Aim: To investigate the movement of materials in xylem Materials: Fresh celery stalk with leaves Eosin solution (1%) A plastic container with tap water A sharp scalpel Hand lens A light microscope Two glass slides A cover slip Risk Assessment and Safety Precautions: Risk Assessment Safety Precautions Eosin solution- can cause stains Always use gloves when handling Scalpel is dangerous and can cause cuts Always handle
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Plant Tissues A mature vascular plant (any plant other than mosses and liverworts)‚ contains several types of differentiated cells. These are grouped together in tissues. Some tissues contain only one type of cell. Some consist of several. Meristematic The main function of meristematic tissue is mitosis. The cells are small‚ thin-walled‚ with no central vacuole and no specialized features. Meristematic tissue is located in • the apical meristems at the growing points of roots and stems. • the
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also anchor the plant. Some roots have mycorrhizae‚ which increase the surface area and therefore increase the absorption. The endodermis‚ which is the innermost layer of cells in the root cortex‚ surrounds the vascular cylinder. It is the passage of minerals from the cortex into the vascular tissue. The stem has a system of nodes where leaves are attached. They have a waxy coating (epidermis) that prevents water loss. The stem and the roots are the 2 main axes in a vascular plant. Fluids are transported
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