Shock Shock is a syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand for oxygen and nutrients. The exchange of oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level is essential to life. When a cell experiences a state of hypoperfusion‚ the demand for oxygen and nutrients exceeds the supply at the microcirculatory level. Classification of Shock The four main categories of shock are * cardiogenic‚: *
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Topic 1: Subject‚ tasks and methods of pathophysiology. General nosology‚ etiology and pathogenesis. 1. A 49-year-old man was suffering 12 years ago from rheumatic myocarditis‚ endocarditis‚ and insufficiency of mitral valve. Examinations showed the absence of inflammatory process‚ sufficient minute blood volume. What is it? A. Pathological reaction B. Pathological process C. Typical pathological process D. Compensatory reaction E. Pathological
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CV 1 Topical Organization of the Cardiovascular Lectures 1. 2. 3. Function & Anatomy Heart & Vascular System – Chapter 9 Cardiac Electrophysiology – Chapter 9 Hemodynamics – Static & Dynamic Hemodynamic Properties – Chapter 10 Cardiac Mechanics – Chapter 9 Cardiac Output – Chapter 9 Peripheral Vascular System – Chapter 10 Regulation of Blood Pressure – Chapter 10 4. 5. 6. 7. June 19‚ 2013 1 CV 2 Topic #1: Functions & Anatomy of the CV System Chapter 9 Functions 1. Delivery
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CARDIO Tendon xanthomata: deposition of yellowish cholesterol rich material in the tendons‚ asociared with hyperlipidaemia. Eg on knuckles Xanthelasma: cholesterol deposits around the eyes. Corneal Arcus: deposition of cholesterol/lipid in the cornea. CRP : acute phase of protein produced predominantly by the liver in response to inflammatory cytokines Chest Pain on Xray: evidence of another cause of chest pain such as air in the mediastinum (oesophageal rupture) or aortic dissection
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Critical Care Outline Chapter 66 * Critical care nursing: specialty dealing with human responses to life-threatening problems. * Critical care units (CCUs) or ICUs: designed to meet the special needs of acutely and critically ill pt’s. * Types of critical care: system based‚ medical‚ surgical‚ trauma‚ burns‚ age specific * Rapid response team (RRTs): provide for the delivery of advanced care by specialized teams usually composed of: * A critical care nurse * A respiratory
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represents repolarization of the ventricles? (Points : 1) R wave T wave S wave P wave Q wave 6. All of the following aid in venous return of blood to heart EXCEPT (Points : 1) the skeletal muscle pump. the respiratory pump. blood viscosity. venoconstriction venous valves. 7. Which type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries? (Points : 1) arteries arterioles venules
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What problem(s) did the researchers study and why? Due to significant health risks in different types of central venous lines such as CVC‚ PORT or t-CVC‚ the problem researchers studied in this systematic review was to analyze different literature that compares the use of central venous lines and PICC lines in order to validate the advantages that accompany PICC lines. Who participated in the study? Literature of only prospective studies‚ up to March 2011‚ was accessed through electronic databases
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1. Different methods to administer IV drugs include: 1. As mixtures within large volumes of IV fluids 2. By injection of a bolus or small volume of medication through an existing IV line or intermittent venous access 3. By “piggyback” infusion of a solution containing the prescribed medication and a small volume of IV fluid through an existing line 2. An IV bolus is when you administer a small amount of fluid directly into the systemic circulation in order to deliver the medication. 3. Volume
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quantities of intravenous fluids else than blood are given‚ it may become watery in appearance. Venous haemorrhage is a dark red‚ a steady and copious flow. The color darkens still further from excessive oxygen desaturation when there is severe lose of blood‚ or in respiratory depression or obstruction. Blood loss is particularly rapid and when large veins are opened‚ example. common femoral or jugular. Venous bleeding can be under increased pressure as in asphyxia‚ or from ruptured varicose veins.
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In Australia‚ almost 1 in 1O people aged 65 years and over‚ and 3 in 10 people aged 85 years and over have dementia (Department of Health and Ageing‚ 2013). Over 320‚000 Australians are living with dementia. Dementia is now the second leading cause of death in Australia with no existing cure. Moreover‚ deaths due to dementia have increased approximately 137% over the past ten years‚ with nearly 11‚000 deaths recorded in 2013 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2014). Dementia is described as a ‘loss
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