ACID BASE IMBALENCE INTRODUCTION The body normally maintains a steady balance between acids‚ produced during metabolism and bases that neutralize and promote the excretion of the acids.Many health problems may lead to acid base imbalance.Patients with Diabetis mellitus ‚COPD‚and kidney disease frequently frequently develop acid base imbalences. Vomiting and diarrhea may also cause acid base imbalance.The kidneys are an essential buffer system for
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more the ventricles stretch during diastole the more forceful the contraction during systole will be. Ex: exercise- EDV increases> stretch ventricles> increase in ventricular contraction force Extrinsic Control of SV by factors outside of the heart (neural‚ hormonal) Sympathetic activity & Epinephrine binds to ventricular wall: Increase in heart’s contractibility and venous return (volume of blood pumped back to heart) Coronary Artery Disease Arteries of the heart Provide the heart
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"Explain the concept of homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate‚ breathing rate‚ body temperature and blood glucose levels" P5 Homeostasis is where the body keeps a constant internal environment. This involves all the metabolic processes taking place In the body as well as the blood‚ tissue fluid and all the contents in the body ’s cells. There are a range of variables from heart rate to the blood glucose levels that the body will take into account. Negative feedback will occur
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tricuspid and the mitral – that lie between the atria and ventricles. The tricuspid is located on the right side of the heart. The bicuspid or mitral valve is located on the left side of the heart. The AV valves close at the beginning of the ventricular contraction
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Congested Heart Failure (adapted from McGraw Hill Case Studies) Chief Complaint: 74-year-old woman with shortness of breath and swelling. History: Martha Wilmington‚ a 74-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever while in her twenties‚ presented to her physician with complaints of increasing shortness of breath ("dyspnea") upon exertion. She also noted that the typical swelling she’s had in her ankles for years has started to get worse over the past two months‚ making it especially
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brain tissue disintegrates. • Cardiogenic Embolic Strokes are associated with cardiac dysrythmias‚ usually atrial fibrillation. Emboli originate from the heart and circulate to the cerebral vasculature‚ most commonly the left middle cerebral artery‚ resulting in stroke. Embolic stroke may be prevented by the use of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. • The last two classifications of ischemic strokes are cryptogenic strokes‚ which have no known cause‚ and other
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disease. The use of azithromycin and moxifloxacin was associated with a significant increase in the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular death compared to amoxicillin-clavulanate. The use of levofloxacin was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death compared with amoxicillin-clavulanate. Neither clarithromycin or ciprofloxacin showed an association with ventricular arrhythmia or cardiovascular death. It is important to state that while the relative
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beat too rapidly (tachycardia) or too slowly (bradycardia). Types of arrhythmias include‚ supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)‚ heart block‚ atrial premature contraction (APC)‚ atrial flutter‚ atrial fibrillation (AF)‚ ventricle premature contraction‚ ventricle tachycardia (VT)‚ and ventricle fibrillation. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is when the heart no longer pumps efficiently due to a prolonged underlying condition such as CAD‚ previous myocardial infarction‚ congenital defects‚ or high blood
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diphenhydramine 45 minutes prior to the arrival of emergency medical services. According to the paramedics’ report‚ they found the patient unconscious with a respiratory rate of six breaths per minute. The woman had a brief episode of ventricular‚ tachycardia (ventricular tachycardia can be a fatal cardiac rhythm if not treated immediately)‚ that spontaneously converted to a sinus tachycardia (a fast normal cardiac rhythm). She was given 2mg of intravenous naloxone (Narcan a narcotic antagonist)‚ as
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The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart. The two ventricles are separated by a thick myocardial wall called the inter-ventricular septum. On the anterior surface of the heart the inter-ventricular septum is marked by a shallow groove called the anterior inter-ventricular sulcus‚ which holds adipose tissue‚ the great cardiac vein and the anterior inter-ventricular artery. (Jones 1984) insert image The major vessels of the heart are the large arteries and veins that attach to the atria and
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