Department of Biological Sciences Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Room # 123 The Origin of Chordates Reginald Bushner February 15‚ 2013 1 Abstract The word chordate originates from the word chorda or cord. Chordates are a very large group of animals with backbones. These animals have backbones or spines and inside are spinal cords‚ and an internal skeleton as part of their nervous system. It is believed that chordates have originated from invertebrates. It is difficult
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which is usually a distinct structure‚ but may be continuous with the peritoneum in jawless and cartilaginous fish. Hagfishes‚ uniquely among vertebrates‚ also possess a second heart-like structure in the tail. It is located anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum. It is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the pericardium. It has two leaflets‚ the superficial is called the parietal pericardium and the inner one is the visceral pericardium. Between them there is some pericardium
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Forster in the State of New South Wales‚ did murder Dianne Condon. The deceased died when she was stabbed by the prisoner with a pair of scissors and her vertebral artery was incised. The prisoner stabbed her a minimum of four times to the right and right back of the neck. A heavy degree of force was used causing very extensive injuries to the spinal column and upper area. Describe the factors that might have led to the criminal behaviour * Provocation - It was the prisoner’s case at trial that
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Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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but also magnesium‚ sodium‚ potassium‚ carbonates and others Organization - normally 206 bones with 2 Main Divisions: AXIAL & APPENDICULAR skull 1. AXIAL: head‚ neck‚ trunk skull‚ hyoid bone (upper neck‚ under jaw‚ mandible) vertebral column (spine/backbone) thoracic cage (rib cage-12 pairs) sternum 2. APPENDICULAR: limbs and bones connecting the limbs to the: pectoral girdle (scapula & clavicle)‚ UPPER LIMBS (arms) pelvic girdle (coxal bones)‚ LOWER LIMBS (legs) boneBONE
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Somatic Reflexes-Chapter 13 Reflexes- they are involuntary stereotyped responses to stimuli‚ they involve the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and peripheral nerves Spinal cord- cylinder nervous tissue that begins at the foramen magnum and passes through the vertebral canal as far as the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebrae (L1)‚ 18 inches long and ½ inches wide Anterior Median Fissure- in the front‚ deeper Posterior Median Sulcus- in the back‚ shallow ▪Two Enlargements for Limbs: (up and down below)
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What is the macro gross anatomy? The macro gross anatomy is the study of organisms with the naked eye. What is the skeletal system? The skeletal system is a very important part of the human body this consists of 206 bones‚ which together with different structures make the joints of the system. Within the skeletal system the structures present are the cartilage‚ bone tissues‚ fibrous connective tissues which form the ligaments of the bones Scanlon and Sanders‚ pp.122‚ 2014). The skeletal system
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BIOS251 Week 7 Lab Exercise Joints To complete this worksheet‚ select: Module: Support and Movement Activity: Anatomy Overviews Title: Joints 1. a. From the main Joints page‚ click Fibrous Joints and identify each of the following structural joint types. Suture Syndesmoses Gomphosis Suture Syndesmoses Gomphosis b. Why are sutures
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The TheNervous NervousSystem System Prof. Melvin Carreon Physiological Psychology University of the East Anatomical Directions Rostral/Anterior – toward the head of a fourlegged animal Caudal/Posterior – toward the tail Inferior/Ventral – toward the belly Superior/Dorsal – toward the back Neuraxis – an imaginary line that runs the length of the spinal cord to the front of the brain Midline – an imaginary line dividing the body into two equal halves Ipsilateral – directional term
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EMBRYOLOGY QUESTIONS 1. What is the condition where the umbilical cord attaches very closely to the margin of the placenta? A: Battledore Placenta 2. What is the precise source of blood in the intervillous space for the developing fetus? A: The Maternal Spiral Endometrial Arteries 3. What is a function al importance of fibrin deposits in the placenta besides its sealing effect? A: They play a materno-fetal immunological/immune role 4. Finish this sentence: Decidua basalis
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