nasal opening to the respiratory system. This natural opening is a long‚ convoluted passage covered by mucous membranes that trap airborne particles and prevent most of them from reaching the lungs. Other anatomical barriers are the skull and vertebral column‚ which protect the central nervous system- few pathogens are able to penetrate bone. The skin also is a major anatomical barrier to microorganisms. The surface layer of dead‚ hardened cells is relatively dry‚ and skin secretions make the surface
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Nervous System Differences according to: Motor neurons Sensory neurons Autonomic neurons Function Transmits impulses from the CNS which consists of the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands elsewhere in the body Transmits impulses inwards from the sense organs to the CNS Located within the CNS‚ they transmit the electrical impulses generated by the stimuli to other nerves Structure Have Dendrites‚ Cell Body‚ Myelin Sheath‚ Node of Ranvier and Synaptic Knobs. The cell body is
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cerebral palsy 6 -12 years old (most likely to show response for bone mass accrual due to their young age)‚ children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels 1 -4‚ and able to stand for 10 minutes. Exclusion criteria included high vertebral cancellous bone density (>295mg/cm3‚ approximately 1 standard deviation (SD) above the average for typical development)‚ surgery‚ casting‚ botulinum - toxin injection in the last 12 months‚ metal rods or plates in the tibia or lumbar spine‚ scoliosis
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Chapter 1 • Anatomy & Physiology • Gross anatomy – visible to naked eye • Microscopic • Developmental • Pathological anatomy • Radiographic anatomy • Molecular biology • Physiology • Focuses on cellular or molecular level • Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function • A&P are inseparable • Function reflects structure • Specific form • Levels of organization 1. Chemical level 2
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for urine. Urine is excreted to the outside of the body through the urethra. Kidney The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located outside the peritoneum at the posterior of the upper abdomen. The kidneys are located one on each side of the vertebral columns and are protected by the ribs and a layer of fat. The renal artery‚ renal vein and ureter connect to the kidney at the indented media border called the hilus. Besides Urine Formation‚ the kidney has the following functions: 1. Plays a major role
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Cost is another component to assess when comparing two different modalities. It is an issue for many patients‚ as the patients are always concerned with the money required to use in the event where visitation to the hospital is inevitable. Cost-effectiveness in digital imaging comprises of direct and indirect effects (Sailer et al.‚ 2015). Hence‚ when accessing the cost-effectiveness‚ it is essential to understand that the imaging test must provide added value. Otero et al. (2008) state that the
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With age‚ the joints will often gradually thinner cartilage. It called for cartilage wear or osteoarthritis‚ the x-ray called it usually intervertebralledsartros. The bone in the joints edges becomes stronger and the formation of "pimples". Even vertebral edges are over the years rougher and bumpier‚ known as spondylosis. The holes between the vertebrae which nerves pass through may become narrower due to bone becomes knotigare. Even counters aging‚ they can then become thinner and sag‚ so-called
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NERVOUS SYSTEM OUTLINE I. Nervous System = 2 Parts A. Central Nervous System (CNS) 1. Brain 2. Spinal Cord B. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 1. Nerves to parts of the body 2. Nerves from parts of the body C. Functions 1. Sensory a. receptors for stimuli (receive stimulus) b. peripheral nerves (carry impulses to CNS) c. activities monitored 1) light intensity (visual) 2) sound intensity (auditory) 3) temperature 4) oxygen concentration 5) internal fluid conditions 2. Motor a
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get tightened and there is unequal tightening of muscles. This unequal stretching of muscles leads to sciatica. Cervical spondylitis is also stress-related. The movement when one has stress‚ cervical muscles go into spasm. And the structure of vertebral columns is disturbed resulting into the said disorder. Same way many people get jaw problems. Jaw muscles are unknowingly affected by stress and
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Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter Practice Test This activity contains 20 questions. Which of the following best defines physiology? The study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. The study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. The study of tissues. The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. Which of the following best describes macroscopic anatomy? The study
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