Anatomy and physiology of the brain and spinal cord The brain is a spongy organ made up of nerve and supportive tissues. It is located in the head and is protected by a bony covering called the skull. The base‚ or lower part‚ of the brain is connected to the spinal cord. Together‚ the brain and spinal cord are known as the central nervous system (CNS). The spinal cord contains nerves that send information to and from the brain. The CNS works with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS
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E X E R C I S E 4 Endocrine System Physiology O B J E C T I V E S 1. To define the following terms: metabolism‚ hormone replacement therapy‚ type 1 diabetes‚ type 2 diabetes‚ and glucose standard curve. 2. To explain the role of thyroxine in maintaining an animal’s metabolic rate. 3. To explain the effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone on an animal’s metabolic rate. 4. To understand how estrogen affects bone density. 5. To explain how hormone replacement therapy works
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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor‚ Florence-Darlington Technical College CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. The Human Body—An Orientation Anatomy • Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology • Study of how the body and its parts work or function © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Anatomy—Levels of Study • Gross anatomy • Large structures • Easily observable © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Mouth (oral
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The SKULL CRANIUM (SKULL) * skeleton of the head 2 Parts * Neurocranium * Viscerocranium 1. Neurocranium * cranial vault * bony case of the brain * has a dome like roof -calvaria or skullcap * has a floor or cranial base –Basicranium * these are irregular bones with flat portions * formed by a series of 8 bones * Frontal * Ethmoidal * Sphenoidal * Occipital * Temporal (2sets) * Parietal (2 sets) 2. Viscerocranium
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bones‚ whereas the average adult has only 206 bones (this can change depending on each individual). The difference comes from the small bones that fuse together during the growth period; an example of this would be the sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column. The sacrum consists of five bones which are separate during the early stage of a child’s development‚ but these will fuse together into a solid structure in the later years. An infant will be born with zones of cartilage‚ these are called epiphyseal
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Instructor’s Manual to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual‚ Cat Version and Fetal Pig Version Twelfth Edition Terry R. Martin Kishwaukee College i Instructor’s Manual to Accompany LABORATORY MANUAL TO ACCOMPANY HOLE’S HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY‚ TWELFTH EDITION. Published by McGraw-Hill Higher Education‚ an imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc.‚ 1221 Avenue of the Americas‚ New York‚ NY 10020. Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc
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6/7/2011 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy: The study of structures The Human Body: An Orientation • Subdivisions: – Gross or macroscopic anatomy (ex: regional‚ systemic anatomy) – Microscopic (ex: cytology‚ histology) – Developmental (ex: embryology) CH 1 1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology 2 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology • Essential tools for the study of anatomy: – Mastery of anatomical terminology – Observation – Manipulation – Palpation –
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patient should be able to return to work. Immediately from the OR‚ the patient is expected to leave the room with immobilization of his neck as proper immobilization maintains the neck in a neutral position so there is no damage done to the spinal column during healing. (Lewis‚ 2011) During the initial pre-op assessment‚ the nurse reviewed the patients past surgical history‚ medical chart‚ lab test results‚ and physical report as well as performing a physical assessment on the patient of her own
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that lie on the long axis of the body. This includes the cranium‚ vertebral column‚ ribs and sternum. Appendicular Skeleton; contains the bones and limbs that connect to the limbs of the axial skeleton. Joint Structure and Actions Joint Structure Classification; Fibrous or immovable- no movement is possible e.g bones of the cranium Cartilaginous or slightly movable- joint that permits limited movement e.g verebral column Synovial or freely movable- maximum movement e.g most joint like
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Kidneys (Fig. 17.2) A. The kidney is a reddish brown‚ bean-shaped organ 12 centimeters long; it is enclosed in a tough‚ fibrous capsule. B. Location of the Kidneys 1. The kidneys are positioned retroperitoneally on either side of the vertebral column between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae‚ with the left kidney slightly higher than the right. C. Kidney Structure (Figs. 17.1-17.2) 1. A medial depression in the kidney leads to a hollow renal sinus into which blood vessels
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