Kenneth Todar –AUTHOR Introduction to The Microbial World © 2009 Kenneth Todar PhD Figure 1. The bacterium‚ Legionella. American Society for Microbiology. The Microbial World The microbial world is a realm of life made up of microorganisms and viruses. Microbiology is the branch of biological sciences concerned with the study of these microbes. Microorganisms are unicellular organisms (capable of existence as single cells)‚ too small to be seen with the naked eye. Among all forms of
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Policy -Decontamination of Hands Decontamination of the Environment‚ Cleaning‚ Body Fluid Spillages‚ Laundry and Clinical Waste Standard Principles for the use of Personal Protective Equipment Infectious Diseases‚ A-Z including Clostridium difficile Meningitis‚ MRSA and TB Policies Surveillance Policy Isolation Policy Major Outbreak Policy/Management of Outbreaks Blood Borne Virus Policy (HIV‚ Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C) Safe Use and Disposal of Sharps Aseptic Technique‚ Invasive Devices This policy
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I.Cerebrospinal Fluid Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear‚ colorless liquid produced within spaces called ventricles in the brain. It is also found inside the subarachnoid space of the meninges which surrounds both the brain and the spinal chord. It bathes the exposed surfaces of the central nervous system‚ and completely surrounds the brain and spinal cord. In addition‚ a space inside the spinal chord called the central canal also contains cerebrospinal fluid. CFS acts as a cushion for the neuraxis
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HCA/240: Week 8 – Assignment: Nervous System Disease Worksheet Student University of Phoenix – Axia College Axia College Material Appendix F Review the following two case studies. Each patient is being referred to a specialist for further evaluation of a nervous system disorder. Outline characteristics of the disease each patient is suffering from by answering the questions associated with each case study. Answer in your own words. Case Study 1 Name | Myelin S. Heath | Patient # | 12312312 |
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specific target cell‚ fusing its envelope with the cell’s membrane and injecting its DNA into the nucleus of the host cell. Once inside the cell‚ this viral DNA replicates itself and also uses the existing machinery within the ‘infected’ cell to make more viral proteins. It then assembles itself and will leave the cell to spread to other cells. The anti-viral acyclovir is taken into the body orally. The acyclovir molecules entering the ‘infected’ cell are converted to acyclovir monophosphate by the thymidine
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Anthrax is a lethal disease that is caused by gram-positive‚ rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. Many researchers believe that this disease originated in Egypt and Mesopotamia in 1250 BC. However‚ there were also other regions during this time period who were acquainted with anthrax‚ such as Ancient Greece and Rome. Many illustrations and ancient writings by famous scholars of those times depicted this disease. For example‚ the author Homer illustrated anthrax in his poem Illiad from
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However‚ they can’t maintain a constant internal state (homeostasis). copyright cmassengale 2 What are Viruses? A virus is a noncellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. copyright cmassengale 3 Viral History copyright cmassengale 4 Discovery of Viruses Beijerinck (1897) coined the Latin name “virus” meaning poison He studied filtered plant juices & found they caused healthy plants to become sick copyright cmassengale 5 Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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names not used in viral classification Compenents of a virus (lipid bilayer) Viral components: Nucleic Acid • Viral genomes can be either DNA or RNA • This genome‚ once inside a host cell‚ directs synthesis of new viral proteins‚ and also replication of new viral genomes • Viral genomes come in all kinds: • Single- or double-stranded‚ RNA or DNA • Linear or circular • One piece or segmented (in several fragments) (protein) (DNA or RNA) (glycoproteins) Viral components: Capsid
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protein coat . The viral genome can consist of a very small number of genes or up to hundreds of genes depending on the type of virus. Note that the genome is typically organized as a long molecule that is usually straight or circular. Viruses: Capsids The protein coat that envelopes viral genetic material is known as a capsid. A capsid is composed of protein subunits called capsomeres. Capsids can have several shapes: polyhedral‚ rod or complex. Capsids function to protect the viral genetic material
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relation. Biosynthesis The virus’ nucleic acid uses the host cell’s machinery to make large amounts of viral components. For DNA viruses‚ the DNA transcribes itself into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules which are afterwards used to control the cell’s ribosomes. The first polypeptides that are translated destroy the host’s DNA. In retroviruses ‚ an enzyme called reverse transcriptase translates the viral RNA into DNA‚ which is then translated again into RNA. Assembly New viruses are formed by the assembly
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