The cell wall maintains the integrity of the cell. The cell wall helps protect the cell against the environmental changes it it allows most molecules to pass through it. This layer is composed of molecules called peptidoglycans. Just inside the cell wall is a less rigid envelope called the plasma membrane also known as the cytoplasmic membrane. In bacterial cells the plasma membrane has two primary functions: it serves as a selective barrier to molecules that are penetrating the cell wall allowing
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NAME: PRAJWAL BHARADWAJ Ampicillin‚ Vancomycin‚ and Tetracycline Effectiveness on Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria. INTRODUCTION: Bacteria are microbial organisms which are present in various environments. Many bacteria are good and help humans synthesize materials and assist in biological processes‚ such as digestion. However‚ some bacteria can cause harmful diseases. When harmful bacteria infects the body‚ people take antibiotics in order to suppress bacteria. Different antibiotics have
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Urinary tract infections refer to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms within the urinary tract and its classification is usually done on the basis of infection sites:-bladder [cystitis]‚ kidney [pyelonephritis]‚ or urine [bacteriuria] and also can be asymptomatic or symptomatic (Quigley R 2009‚ Schlager TA2001). They are among the most commonly acquired bacterial infections and they account for an estimated 25-40% of the nosocomial infections (Bagshaw SM‚ Laupland KB 2006). Urinary tract infection
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Polyphenols (also sometimes termed ‘phenolics’)‚ are benzene rings which is a class of chemical compounds that consists of a hydroxyl (-OH) group‚ which is directly bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Phenolic compounds are widely produced industrially however; they are also produced by plants (mainly for protection against stress) and microorganisms where variations occur between different species. Polyphenols play vital roles in the growth of plants‚ especially in lignin and pigment biosynthesis
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The aseptically inoculate nutrient broth tubes A and B did not have any microbes inoculated into the tubes so it should not have been cloudy and that was what was seen. Tube C should have been cloudy because it had E. coli inoculated into the nutrient broth and that was also seen. A simple streak was also performed and it looks has if the loop went over previous streaks which should not have been done. A complex streak was also done. No colonies grew towards the end of the streak‚ this could be due
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Virus Outbreaks Everyone is always fearful when they hear about an infectious virus outbreak. For example‚ the Bubonic Plague and Ebola‚ created a frantic scare all around the world. The author‚ Richard Preston‚ depicts and describes the many different filovirus outbreaks that were exposed‚ taking over the human race throughout the entire book. The novel illustrates how the virus outbreaks had its outbursts‚ rapidly demolishing and destroying the human population gradually as there is no known cure
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Common Causes of Infection Transmission What is Infection? Microbes can lead to an infection only if they have capacity to multiple. Our bodies get infections from pathogenic microorganisms that cannot observe by naked eye such as • Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are accountable for diseases‚ such as urinary tract infections. • Viruses. Is an acellular agent smaller than bacteria consisting mainly of genetic material‚ that can be active in a close environments ranging from the common cold
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Antibiotic Sensitivity lab A. Define the term selectively toxic. Why is it an important feature of antimicrobial agents? Selective toxicity is the ability of a chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host. Selective toxicity is important to microbial agents because it enables these agents to inhibit or kill a microorganism by interacting with microbial functions or structures different from those of the host thereby showing little or no effect to the host. B. What
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Gram Staining Gram Staining is a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). Gram Staining is a way to separate one large group of bacteria into two. Crystal violet is used to dye the cells‚ which is the primary stain. Those that retain the color are grouped as Gram-positive‚ and those that do not retain the color are grouped as Gram-negative. Many of the Gram-negative bacteria are pathogenic‚ making this process useful for detecting infections
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Antibiotics are rapidly becoming useless and we are forced to deal with the problems of the post antibiotic era. Our current state is urgent to say the least‚ the entire CDC urgent threat list is filled with a wide range of multi-resistant bacteria. Clostridium difficile is the first on the list‚ it is gram-positive and erupts from the distribution of normal colon bacteria. The on set primarily starts by taking antibiotics‚ because Clostridium difficile is immune to nearly all antibiotics. Second
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