NOTES – JOHN STUART MILL - UTILITARIANISM 1. John Stuart Mill – On Virtue and Happiness (1863)The utilitarian doctrine is‚ that happiness is desirable‚ and the only thing desirable‚ as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end. What ought to be required of this doctrine‚ what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill‚ to make good its claim to be believed? The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible is that people actually see it.
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How did thinkers from the late antiquity to the renaissance explore the relationship between faith and reason? The relationship between faith and reason has been explored by a number of thinkers and philosopher’s since ancient times. The exploration undertaken by Renaissance writer; Machiavelli is a particularly significant due to its contrast with thinker of the late antiquity such as Thomas Aquinas‚ he is particularly interested in classical literature ttys to distil the experiences of Rome
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Morally Virtuous Virtue and morality are things we all possess to some degree. We all try to be as virtuous as possible. It is a daunting task to be the most morally virtuous since we are competing against each other everyday. However‚ being morally virtuous might hinder another aspect of a person like attractiveness. Attractiveness whether physical or mentally can be lessened. Being morally virtuous does in fact entail that an individual be a personally unattractive character. In todayfs
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The numerous maxims of Epictetus are emphasizing virtues. that lead to happiness. Listed below is a sample. 1. “No one is master of another’s moral character‚ and in this alone lies good and evil. No one‚ therefore‚ can secure the good for me‚ or involve me in evil‚ but I alone have authority over myself in these matters. (Discourses 4.12.7–8‚ trans. Dobbin) 2. God is beneficial. Good is also beneficial. It should seem‚ then‚ that where the essence of God is‚ there too is the essence of good. What
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element. The goal we all seek is eudaimonia. Eudiamonia is a life of rational activity‚ informed with Arete (virtue)‚ which is pursued continually. Our ability to achieve eudaimonia depends on us having some power or access to resources in the world. People without power never reach their moral potential. Friendship is necessary to eudaimonia and it is an extension of self-esteem. By virtue of being rational animals we naturally live by a plan or rule. But just as the good life is an activity of
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of the readers. In Michel’s view‚ the case of price gouging concerns about two approaches towards justice‚ namely‚ the welfare approach and the freedom approach. Another approach‚ which is brought out by using the story of the purple heart‚ is the virtue. According to him‚ these three approaches
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Philosopher Robert Louden presented a criticism of virtue ethics. Rather than arguing that virtue ethics as a moral theory is wrong‚ Louden argues that the agent-centeredness of values ethics fails to provide adequate guidance for the action of the agent‚ thereby making the theory useless and disregardable. Louden’s first criticism is that virtue ethics does not allow for actions to be viewed separately from the agent (Louden‚ 228). This focus on virtues and not actions result poses a problem when assessing
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“Virtue‚ then‚ is a state that decides‚ consisting in a mean‚ the mean relative to us‚ which is defined by reference to reason‚ that is to say‚ to the reason by reference to which the prudent person would define it. It is a mean between two vices‚ one of excess and one of deficiency” Aristotle’s definition of Virtue of Character but what is it really saying. Let us define it with the Socratic Definition per genus et differentia. Let us break it into the three parts genus‚ species and the differentiating
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Compassion is perhaps the most valuable and important ethical principle. The dictionary defines compassion as "deep awareness of the suffering of another coupled with the wish to relieve it." Living compassionately means putting the needs and concerns of others ahead of yours. Both Buddhism and Christianity emphasize compassion; this paper will attempt to determine the context in which each ethical system places compassion‚ and how each system believes the compassionate individual should behave.
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An analysis of the Importance of Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics on Contrast to Mill’s Pleasure Principles in Utilitarian Philosophy This philosophy paper will discuss the importance of Aristotle’s argument for virtue ethics in contrast to Mill’s Utilitarian theory on the happiness of the individual. Mill’s theory of happiness is dependent on the happiness of the individual‚ as long as that individual does not harm other people in society. For example‚ the happiness of an individual is perfectly acceptable
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