Hepatitis A virus infection is transmitted in the fecal oral form or through vertical transmission in preganancy. HAV presents with flu like symptoms‚ low grade fevers‚ nausea‚ anorexia‚ and vomiting. Pharyngeal erythema is not a common finding seen in HAV infection
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Casual Agent West Nile Virus is a part of the Flavivirdae family‚ genus Flavivirus (Gray & Webb 2014). A Flavivirus is a group of viruses that transmit diseases by arthropods. West Nile Virus is a mosquito borne virus. (Gray & Webb 2014). The West Nile Virus virion contains a linear‚ plus sense‚ single stranded RNA genome that is surrounded by an icosahedral capsid which is further surrounded by a lipid envelope (Gray & Webb 2014). The enveloped virus can enter the cells by endocytosis and result
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Avian Influenza‚ also known as the bird flu‚ is a virus that primarily infects birds. In rare cases‚ can this virus affect humans in a way that is harmful. There are three forms of the Avian Influenza which are: H5‚ H7‚ and H9 viruses. The H5 virus has circulated Asia and the Middle East in about 16 different countries worldwide. It mostly affected these countries because they have this bird species within range of human contact. The H7 virus is a type that is very uncommon in humans‚ unless they
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Biology Virus Essay A virus is a microorganism that cannot reproduce without a host. As a result of this‚ there has been a lot of controversy on whether or not a virus is a living or non-living organism. The dictionary.com definition for life is‚ “the condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms‚ being manifested by growth through metabolism‚ reproduction‚ and the power of adaptation to environment through changes originating internally.” Viruses have characteristics
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unreported cases1. Rabies virus is associated with bats mostly‚ and it mainly exists in rabid animal saliva1. Rabies can enters a body through a direct contact such as bite transmission‚ a bite from a rabid animal‚ or nonbite transmission‚ saliva or central nervous system tissue touches an open wound or scratch on the body1. These are the most common ways that allows rabies virus transfers from infected animal to uninfected animal or human’s body1. The life cycle of rabies virus consists of three essential
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NEUTRALIZATION TEST FOR VIRUS Neutralization of a virus is defined as the loss of infectivity through reaction of the virus with specific antibody. Virus and serum are mixed under appropriate condition and then inoculated into cell culture‚ eggs or animals. The presence of unneutralized virus may be detected by reactions such as CPE‚ haemadsorption/haemagglutination‚ plaque formation‚ disease in animals. The loss of infectivity is bought about by interference by the bound Ab with any one of the
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OUTLINE A plan for--or a summary of--a writing project or speech. An outline is usually in the form of a list divided into headings and subheadings that distinguish main points from supporting points. Most word processors contain an outlining feature that allows writers to format outlines automatically. As shown below‚ an outline may be either informal or formal. See also: Types of Outlines and Samples Alphanumeric Outlines This is the most common type of outline and usually instantly
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Case Application Imagine what life would be like if your product were never finished‚ if your work were never done‚ if your market shifted 30 times a day. The computer-virus hunters at Symantec Corp. don’t have to imagine. “That’s the reality of their daily work life. At the company’s response lab in Santa Monica‚ California‚ described as the “dirtiest of all our networks at Symantec. “ Software analysts collect viruses and other suspicious cod and try to figure out how they work so the company
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Descriptions Influenza Virus (Bird-Human) transmission Influenza viruses have viral envelopes covering their protein capsids. The virus envelopes are derived from host cell membrane and viral glycoprotein. Functionally‚ viral envelopes are essential for entry into host cells. lipids are involve in attachment ‚signaling‚ replication and budding processes. During transmission even if the virus transmit from eukaryotic to eukaryotes cells the attachment of virus to the host cell may be different
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Influenza viruses are constantly changing. This is why they emphasize getting your yearly flu shot. An interesting feature of the influenza virion is its tendency to “drift and shift” ("How the Flu Virus Can Change: “Drift” and “Shift”." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.). Pathologists coined this phrase when they discovered an antigenic drift in the DNA of an influenza strain. These changes are usually not big enough to affect our immune system’s ability to identify a certain strain. Over
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