1. EGG INOCULATION The fertile hen’s egg can be used to cultivate and propagate various types of viruses. Because of the ability to alter their tropism and to adapt to a new host species‚ many viruses become capable of growing in chick embryo tissues wherein they frequently attain a much higher concentration than in the tissues of the natural host. STRUCTURE OF AN EGG The extra-embryonic membranes of the chick embryo arise from three germinal layers: the endoderm‚ mesoderm and ectoderm
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Re-emerging and emerging diseases especially those related to viruses all through history have comprised of the most feared plagues of the past. Although new infections continue to emerge today‚ many of the old plagues are still with us. (1) “Emerging” diseases can be defined as diseases / infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are quickly increasing in geographic range or incidence. Among recent examples are Lyme disease‚ Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome‚ HIV/AIDS
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inhaled irritants such as chemical fumes‚ allergens or smoke‚ acid reflux‚ chronic sinusitis‚ laryngeal cancer‚ excessive alcohol use or by smoking. If the Laryngitis is caused by a viral or bacterial infection‚ there is a chance that the certain virus or bacteria can be contagious. However‚ if the laryngitis is caused by something like overuse of the voice or laryngeal cancer‚ then it is not contagious. Anyone at any age can get laryngitis; there is not a specific age group associated with it.
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They will first identify the viral protein that the vaccine will target and then finds the genetic sequence that codes for it‚ that DNA is inserted into a bacterium. The plants are then dipped into a solution of the bacteria where it will soak up the virus. The vaccine will go through many tests and trials to be approved. It has gotten funding from many medical companies and such including DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). It is also approved by the IDRI (Infectious Disease Research
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could be repaired through selective mutations. Also genes can be switched on and off to a certain degree. How does gene therapy work? A carrier gene‚ called a Vector brings the normal gene into the target cell. Currently a virus is commonly used for that. The virus “infects” the target area with the healthy gene and so the cells can produce functioning proteins again. The genes can also be directly introduced to the target cells; this can only used in some tissues though. Also an artificial
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Zavala SCI/163 12/1/2011 Joan Rotnem Norovirus Norovirus is a family of viruses that cause gastroenteritis in humans and some animals (Ballantyne‚ 3/30). Gastroenteritis is an intestinal flu. The original norovirus is called the Norwalk virus. The Norwalk virus‚ along with other similar viruses‚ makes up norovirus. Norovirus is spread through fecal matter from an infected person. The fecal matter can be passed by shaking hands from an infected person who did not wash their hands after using the
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Description Diagram Attachment Virus binds to a specific receptor on the host cell surface. Penetration Viral nucleic acid enters the cell. Synthesis of new components. Viral nucleic acid takes over control of the cell metabolism stopping cell’s normal nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Viral nucleic acid is replicated using nucleotides from the host cell. Protein coats are manufactured using the amino acids of the host cell. Assembly Whole virus particles are made when the nucleic
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CU254 Causes and Spread of Infection 1.1Identify the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites. Bacteria – bacteria are extremely small singular organisms which are found almost everywhere. Viruses – it is a coated genetic material that invades cells and use’s the cells apparatus for reproduction. Fungi – it is a multi-celled living organism Parasites – they are types of living plants and animals that derive benefit from the metabolism of other animals and plants. 1.2 Identify
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strain only. The vaccine trials continue. I’m still unable to transfer my immunity to infected hosts. The Krippen Virus is... elegant.” -Robert Neville A virus breaks out in “I Am Legend”‚ virtually wiping out the human race‚ leaving only a select few to return order to the world. Instead of being contractible through contact‚ in “The Stand”‚ the strain of influenza is an airborne virus. This epidemic wipes out over 99% of the earth’s population‚ sparing a limited number of immune survivors that
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At times we can take the smallest things for granted. Can you imagine having difficulties breathing? There are several things in the air that can affect the human body respiratory system. The Respiratory System is the system in the body that deals with supplying the blood with oxygen so that the blood can deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does this through breathing. There are several diseases that can attack the respiratory system; I will discuss how Influenza affects
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