11 I. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to demonstrate how batteries work. Batteries may seem a little magical‚ but they are not. A battery actually is just a container of chemicals that react together to produce a flow of electrons‚ which is what an electrical current really is. A battery has two terminals‚ one positive and one negative. They are usually marked by plus and minus signs‚ so you can tell which is which. After the battery is assembled‚ a multimeter / voltmeter
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neutrons and electrons. * Define proton number and nucleon number. * Use proton number and the simple structure of atoms to explain the basis of the Periodic Table (Ref. Z=1 to 20) * Define isotopes. * State the two types of isotopes as being radioactive and non-radioactive. * State one medical and one industrial use of radioactive isotopes. * Describe radioactive isotopes as a source of energy. eg. 235U * Describe the build-up of electrons in `shells` and
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Chemistry Review sheet: Unit 1- Lesson 1‚ 2 *Key notes to keep in mind* ü Metals have a high low ionization energy ü Non-metals have a high electron affinity · Atom: The basic unity of an element which still retains the elements properties · Atomic number: the unique number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element · Isotope: Atoms of the same element which contain a different number of neutrons · Periodic law: The chemical
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protons are not equal to the electrons ion the protons are not equal to the neutrons isotope atomic mass = mass of protons + neutrons changing the number of neutrons does not influece the mass or electrons atom behaviour is because of electrons hydrogen almost always loses its electron‚ leaving it a hydrogen ion taking away a negative charge creates a cation adding a negative charge creates an anion electronegativity is the ability to steal electrons electronegativity is influenced
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Review of Related Literature Group 2 (IV-Assumption) Background information: (Local) Based on http://www.zamboanga.com‚ Caringo ‚ Mercedes‚ Camarines Norte‚ Philippines is experiencing too many black outs‚ they also state that they don’t rely on Diesel fuel and coal for their Electricity‚ because in their place there are many renewable and sustainable source of energy like Hydro Power‚ Solar Power‚ and Wind Power. Background information: (Foreign) According to http://www.bbc.co.uk Peru is also
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are created by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. In this process of electron transfer‚ each atom becomes a ion that is isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas.‚ the substance is held together by electrostatic forces between the ions. The tendency for these ions to be formed by elements is corespondent to the octet rule‚ when atoms react‚‚ they tend to do so in such a way that they attain an outer shell containing eight electrons. The factors that effect the formation of
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when we get there. Matter is composed of atoms. Atomic nuclei are tightly bound protons and neutrons (1H excepted) with electrons hanging out in the electron clouds around them. Also‚ there are chemical bonds between atoms in a lot of different kinds of matter. These bonds involve the borrowing and loaning of electrons (the so-called ionic bonds) or the sharing of electrons (the so-called covalent bonds). That’s matter‚ and now we’re going to see what happens when we shoot stuff at it. Incoming
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As such‚ its outer shell (VALENCE) has the maximum number of electrons (i.e.‚ the outer shell is full). Thus‚ the electron configuration is STABLE. In other words‚ Noble Gases are not reactive. Figure 2 is the element Nitrogen. Its outer shell is NOT full. Thus‚ the electron configuration is UNSTABLE. To become stable (i.e.‚ have an outer shell with the maximum number of electrons)‚ nitrogen will either GIVE AWAY or TAKE electrons from another element. When this happens‚ the NITROGEN ION is
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Germanium and silicon are two well-known semiconductors. 1.2 Atoms and elements Ordinary matter is made up of protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons and is composed of atoms. An atom consists of a tiny nucleus made up of protons and neutrons‚ on the order of 20‚000 times smaller than the size of the atom. The outer part of the atom consists of a number of electrons
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photon interactions throughout the radiologic field. These are produced when matter and excited electrons interact with each other at the same level. The photons are able to penetrate through matter without a big interaction due to the energy being absorbed in matter. The photons in this interaction are the x-ray and gamma photons. Their lives are ended when they give off their energy to an electron in need. This interaction along with the other interactions are very important‚ especially for the
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