are electronic neutral. Covalent bonds are bonds that don’t give or take any electrons. In stead they share the elctrons 50) Which of these compounds contain elements that do not follow the octet rule? Explain. a) NF3: 5 + (7*3) = 26 b) PCl2F3: 5 + (7*2) + (7*3) = 40 c) SF4: 6 + (7 *4) = 24 d) SCl2: 6 + (7*2) = 20 The answer is “d” because it does not have eight valence electrons. 64) Explain why each electron structure is incorrect. Replace each structure with one that is more acceptable
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some other molecules Influence of the nature of electron pairs on bond angles in molecules of methane‚ ammonia and water Shapes of some polyatomic ions Shapes of molecules with multiple bonds Molecular crystals of buckminsterfullerene (C60) 23.1 – 23.7 Summary 1 Examples of covalent molecules with non-octet structures are as follows: Molecule Electron diagram F BF3 B F F SF4 F Molecule Electron diagram F S F F Cl PCl5 Cl Cl P Cl Cl SF6 F F
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the ability to "remember" the magnetic fields they have been subjected to. An atom consists of a number of negatively charged electrons‚ orbiting around a positively charged nucleus. These electrons also possess a quantity known as spin‚ which is roughly analogous to a spinning top. The combination of orbital and spin motions is called the angular momentum of the electron. Angular momentum is perhaps most easily understood in the case of the Earth: The earth spins about a central axis‚ which means
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How do ionic compounds form? How do electrons change the shape of a molecule? These are just a couple of the questions that this paper will answer. How do ionic compounds form? Ionic compounds are formed by positive and negative ions. An ionic bond means that there are valence electrons being shared between the two molecules. This can cause the molecule to become negative or positively charged. An ionic compound is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal and the resulting
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a compound. They form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms. Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into two types: Ionic and Covalent. Ionic: metal & nonmetal Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them. The metal atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic compound Covalent: nonmetal & nonmetal Covalent bonds are shared;
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STRUCTURE OF ATOM The rich diversity of chemical behaviour of different elements can be traced to the differences in the internal structure of atoms of these elements. After studying this unit you will be able to • know about the discovery of electron‚ proton and neutron and their characteristics; • describe Thomson‚ Rutherford and Bohr atomic models; • understand the important features of the quantum mechanical model of atom; • understand nature of electromagnetic radiation
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But Niels Bohr looked into this and found out that electrons move in paths around the nucleus. Surprisingly these electron can move from one path to another. They can also jump to a path that is a level above. Bohr created a model called the planetary model. This model shows how the electron move in different energy levels. Enrico Fermi -- 1940 Enrico Fermi was the very first person to create a nuclear reactor‚
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known to contain other particles as well. Yet Thomson’s bold suggestion that cathode rays were material constituents of atoms turned out to be correct. The rays are made up of electrons: very small‚ negatively charged particles that are indeed fundamental parts of every atom. Modern ideas and technologies based on the electron‚ leading to television and the computer and much else‚ evolved through many difficult steps. Thomson’s
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1.1 The atoms‚ during bond formation‚ may lose or gain electrons (valence electrons) in order to achieve a stable state‚ or technically speaking‚ a stable electron configuration. Usually metal atoms lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons in order to achieve electron stability. When dealing with bond formation (Ionic bonding for example) we need to analyse the outer shell of the atom. Metals usually present 1‚ 2 or 3 electrons in their outer shell therefore they have to give them away to achieve
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the Nucleus The nucleus contains both Protons and neutrons The negatively charged particles surrounding the center are called Electrons (3^H)‚ an isomer‚ differs from (1^H) in that: 3^H has 2 more neutrons than 1^H Nitrogen has 7 electrons and thus can form a maximum of ___ covalent bonds with other elements 3 Carbon has 6 electrons while hydrogen has 1 electron. How many covalent bonds can form between a carbon atom and hydrogen atoms 4 In the lab you are culturing human cells in order
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